【正文】 大的短路電流。負(fù)荷開關(guān)只有簡易的滅弧裝置，其滅弧能力有限。（4）高壓熔斷器 在過負(fù)荷或短路時，能利用熔體熔斷來切除故障。（6）電壓互感器 將高電壓變換成低電壓，供計量和繼電保護(hù)用。[8]如上所述，各種電器對我們的變電站設(shè)計都有至關(guān)重要的作用。SF6斷路器和真空斷路器的檢修周期可長達(dá)20年，在變電所中選用了SF6斷路器和真空斷路器后，斷路器檢修幾率大為減少，提高單回線路供電可靠性的根本措施轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻ㄔO(shè)第二供電回路．因?yàn)樵趩位鼐€路供電情況下中斷供電的主要因素已經(jīng)是線路故障．而不是斷路器檢修。[11]（2）在出線上裝設(shè)電抗器的6—10KV配電裝置中，當(dāng)向不同用戶供電的兩回線共用一臺斷路器和一組電抗器時，每回線上應(yīng)各裝設(shè)一組出線隔離開關(guān)。電壓互感器的配置應(yīng)能保證在運(yùn)行方式改變時，保護(hù)裝置不得失壓，同期點(diǎn)的兩側(cè)都能提取到電壓。[15]（4）當(dāng)需要在330KV及以下主變壓器回路中提取電壓時，可盡量利用變壓器電容式套管上的電壓抽取裝置。對非直接接地系統(tǒng)，依具體要求按兩相或三相配置。（2）旁路母線上是否需要裝設(shè)避雷器，應(yīng)視在旁路母線投入運(yùn)行時，避雷器到被保護(hù)設(shè)備的電氣距離是否滿足要求而定。2） 直接接地系統(tǒng)中，變壓器中性點(diǎn)為全絕緣，但變電所為單進(jìn)線且為單臺變壓器運(yùn)行時。（8）110—220KV線路側(cè)一般不裝設(shè)避雷器。首先應(yīng)根據(jù)變電所電氣設(shè)備的總平面布置圖確定，避雷針的初步選定安裝位置與設(shè)備的電氣距離應(yīng)符合各種規(guī)程范圍的要求，初步確定避雷針的安裝位置后再根據(jù)公式進(jìn)行，校驗(yàn)是否在保護(hù)范圍之內(nèi)。這樣就可以避免由于低壓線路故障率較高所引起的所內(nèi)停電事故，從而保證變電所的不間斷供電。此時，繼電保護(hù)就顯的很重要。[7]鑒于其在系統(tǒng)中的重要性，有如下要求：（1）選擇性，即僅將故障元件從系統(tǒng)中切除，保證非故障元件正常運(yùn)行，提高系統(tǒng)供電可靠性；（2）速動性，快速地切除故障元件可以提高系統(tǒng)并列運(yùn)行的可靠性，減少用戶在電壓降低的情況下的工作時間，以縮小故障元件的損壞程度。我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也電力帶來了很多問題比如：對電能的需求日益增長，城市和農(nóng)村用電密度每天都在變化，所以給變電所的容量設(shè)計帶來了很多麻煩。[2]如果上面所述的部分我們都能夠很好的綜合考慮那么變電站的初步設(shè)計就會相對來說比較安全經(jīng)濟(jì)。[19]110kV電力網(wǎng)絡(luò)和變電站在系統(tǒng)中的地位和功能發(fā)生了很大變化。隨著電力人不斷的努力，變電站的設(shè)計一定會不斷完善的。 substation and the construction area covers an area of reduced substation program to simplify wiring, switchgear, bus and steel pipes, such as the use of stents to substation layout is more simple, the abolition of the former station area and optimize the layout to make a substantial decline in an area substation.With technological advances, the traditional relay protection devices are gradually being replaced by microprocessorbased protection. Microprocessorbased protection is referred to as the protection of PC puter, a digital relay protection, is based on the programmable digital circuit technology and realtime digital signal processing technology of the Power System Protection. At present, both at home and abroad have been developed to 32bit digital signal processor for hardwarebased protection, control, measurement, and data munications integration of microprocessorbased protection control devices, and artificial intelligence technology into a number of relay protection, such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy theory to determine the realization of fault type, fault location, the direction of protection, the main equipment and other new methods of protection. By means of wavelet analysis of the theory of digital signal failure of the entire frequency band information and to achieve fault detection. These artificial intelligence technology to improve the accuracy of failure to provide a means of identification, but also some singlefrequency signal based on the traditional method difficult to identify the problems to be resolved. At present, the microprocessorbased relay protection is along the microprocessorbased protection network, and intelligent, adaptive and protection, control, measurement, signal, data munications integration direction.譯文：變電站是電力系統(tǒng)中不可缺少的重要組成部分，它擔(dān)負(fù)著電能轉(zhuǎn)換和分配的任務(wù)，對電網(wǎng)的安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行起著舉足輕重的作用，是聯(lián)系發(fā)電廠和用戶的中間環(huán)節(jié)。由于電能無法大量儲存，必須保證用電和電能生產(chǎn)的平衡。采用GIS的情況下，優(yōu)先采用單母線分段接線。戶外插接式智能型組合電器是一種功能更完備的高壓和超高壓開關(guān)系統(tǒng)，它內(nèi)含電氣一次、二次設(shè)備，以及相關(guān)連的插接式復(fù)合光纜等。目前，國內(nèi)外已經(jīng)研制出以32位數(shù)字信號處理器為硬件基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù)、控制、測量、及數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化的微機(jī)保護(hù)綜合控制裝置，并將一些人工智能技術(shù)引入繼電保護(hù)中，如用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、模糊理論實(shí)現(xiàn)故障類型判斷、故障測距、方向保護(hù)、主設(shè)備保護(hù)等新方法。 外文文獻(xiàn)二The most basic request that charged barbed wire net in the city circulates is safe and core problem of charged barbed wire net safety in the city stability wants to build up to be a with the city mutually acmodative of, reasonable of charged barbed wire net text passes and programs to the charged barbed wire net with electric power and designs the technique principle of the aspect the standard concerning electric voltage grade, power supply credibility, power supply ability and charged barbed wire net safe power supply requests etc. some problems that should notice in the charged barbed wire net safety。It is the power supply that passes to go together with net automation restriction to resume an intact block in the lmin to go together with net automation circuit.(3)Power supply ability and safety1)Of each electric voltage layer net capacity in the city net, press definitely change the electric capacity carry to pare an allocation, the all levels electric voltage net changes the electric capacity carry pare satisfy the upper limit request that current 《electric power net in the city programming design lead 》 stipulates.According to 2001 national economy trade mittee promulgation of electric power profession standard 《electric power system safety stability lead 》 middle finger: standard is under the normal movement method of