【正文】
綴:biblio(書)+phil(愛)+瞚st(人)→bibliophilist(書籍愛好者) ⑨雙前綴+詞根+后綴:ir(不)+re(反對)+sist(站)+瞚ble→irresistible(不可抵抗的) 前綴+詞根+雙后綴:se(離)+greg(群)+瞐tion+瞚st→segregationist(種族隔離主義者) 雙前綴+詞根+雙后綴:un(不)+pre(先)+ced(走)+瞖nt+瞖d→unprecedented(史無前例的) (2) 上下文線索 利用上下文線索猜測詞義的方法很多,但其核心是尋找與該生僻詞相關(guān)的上下文意義線索,這些線索主要可歸納為以下幾種: ?、偻x定義為了便于讀者理解作者本義,作者有時會對文中的生僻詞或?qū)I(yè)性較強(qiáng)的詞直接給出定義。實踐中,在確定了短文中哪些生僻詞的詞義有必要作一大概了解后,我們可以從以下兩個角度來猜度詞義: (1) 構(gòu)詞知識 即利用單詞的構(gòu)詞要素詞根,前后綴來識記單詞。南京環(huán)亞西文現(xiàn)代英語 02584721008閱讀理解除了要求正確能力外,還經(jīng)常需要考生根據(jù)一定上下文對某些詞匯的意義進(jìn)行推斷、根據(jù)所讀材料理解文章隱含的意義和深層次的含義、歸納文章主題思想、通過概括得出結(jié)論、綜合判斷作者態(tài)度等,這就要求考生具備相應(yīng)的閱讀理解微技能,與四級考試密切相關(guān)的一些微技能包括詞匯的理解、預(yù)測、判斷、歸納和推理?! ≡~根是一個單詞的根本部分,代表詞的基本意義。在下定義時,作者常使用一些信號詞,如:is/are(called),means,can be defined as,refer to,is/are known as,signify等,例: Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true. 或標(biāo)點符號,如——,()等,例: Multiplexing ——transmitting independent signals at the same time in the same channel——increases the efficiency of radio channels. 有時,作者用同位語形式或連詞or給出定義,例: Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates,“hollow瞘utted” organisms like hydra and the sea behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big,plex types of brain——the types we find among the vertebrates,or backboned animals. ②近義復(fù)述同一短文中上下毗鄰的句子通常有互釋作用,我們可以從上下文的復(fù)述中獲取與某一單詞相關(guān)的信息來猜度詞義。例: People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water sprouted from holes in the jacket(套,殼) of the radiator. A man is watering his lawn just as an attractive,well dressed girl walked by. As he ogles her,he accidentally turns the hose on his ugly,dowdy wife. ⑤比較舉例上下文中的比較和舉例,能揭示比較物或列舉物之間的共性,我們可根據(jù)這些共性來推知有關(guān)詞語的意思。預(yù)測時,應(yīng)學(xué)會借助主題句、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語等篇章信息來提高預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性。如預(yù)測與下文不一致,則可能:①對前面內(nèi)容的理解有偏差。閱讀中積極運(yùn)用順向和逆向預(yù)測,除了上面談到的能提高對文章的理解深度外,還可幫助我們讀懂本來難以讀懂的章節(jié)?! ?2) 根據(jù)前文,判斷下文 Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. Nevertheless… A) laziness can actually be helpful B) laziness is a sign of mental illness C) lazin