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拿著一本書(shū)。如:It being Sunday, we went to ,我們?nèi)プ隽硕Y拜。 特殊 當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格與主句主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)可有:eg: We walking through the garden, the flowers are beautiful. 注意事項(xiàng) ,當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí),可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語(yǔ)從句,但不再保留連詞。 I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因?yàn)閶寢層胁?,我無(wú)法去度假。 如: Don’t sleep with the windows 。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我們才回家。 3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。 It being +名詞(代詞) 如: It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故,政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。 with + n. +adj.。 The meeting over, they all went home. 會(huì)議一結(jié)束,他們就都回家了。 They said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他們道別后,一個(gè)回了家,一個(gè)去了書(shū)店。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn39。t know what to say. 姑娘兩眼望著他,他不知道說(shuō)什么好。 n. + 形容詞。 *注:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,一般放在句首,表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末;表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句,通常放于句末。 用作條件狀語(yǔ) Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話,他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)實(shí)實(shí)的。例如: 表示時(shí)間 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 開(kāi)完會(huì)后我們都回家了。其中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,被動(dòng)用過(guò)去分詞。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子,在句子中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(Independent Genitive)有兩部分組成,前一部份是名詞或者代詞,后一部分是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)?! 》侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)須與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)前面帶有邏輯主語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)的代詞又是主格,故常稱為“獨(dú)立主格”。 Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下來(lái)喝茶。 表示伴隨情況Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體,而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。 用作原因狀語(yǔ) An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個(gè)重要的演講,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 形式1一般獨(dú)立主格形式:與主句邏輯關(guān)系松散 形式為: n. + ed/ing形式。 n. + 副詞. 。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時(shí)間允許的話,我們明天去郊游。t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼鏡摔壞了,她看不見(jiàn)黑板上的字。 名詞/主格代詞+形容詞 如: An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難,無(wú)一人生還。 名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語(yǔ) 如: The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand (=with a book in his hand). 那男孩手里拿著書(shū)去教室。 with +n. + 介詞短語(yǔ) 3each引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)型獨(dú)立主格:強(qiáng)調(diào)句尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 形式為:句子 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾 , each + 介詞短語(yǔ)/形容詞短語(yǔ)/名詞短語(yǔ)/ing形式/ed形式 如: Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the pany39。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都關(guān)門(mén)了。 舉例: The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結(jié)束了,我們開(kāi)始放假。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home ,每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家。 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。 He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。如:After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the ,學(xué)生很快離開(kāi)了課室。 (2)在There being+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。此分析從表面上看,似乎天衣無(wú)縫,但實(shí)質(zhì)上是錯(cuò)的,原因是空格后根本不是一個(gè)句子,因?yàn)闆](méi)有謂語(yǔ)。 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆粋€(gè)類似的例子: (1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which