【正文】 rded as an indirect overhead without rearising the important part they play in achieving a high quality and airconditioning, which can effect the efficiency of work people, are two possible a great deal depends upon the product design and the production methods adopted, and both must be kept unde r constant review.Q amp。 million and is likely to reach 163。附錄A 外文資料翻譯：英文The Role of Electricity in Quality and Reliability GOODMAN, BSc(Eng) ,ARTCS, CEng , MIMechE, FIEE, MIProdE , MBIM ,MIMH, FRSAIt would be difficult today to find any manufacturing unit which does not rely on electricity at some stage of a production cycle . Electricity is a versatile energy source and has consequently found widespread use, so much so that its part in modern production methods is not always fully appreciated. Correctly applied electricity is a tool which can contribute immensely in achieving high quality and reliability in industrial production. In describing the role of electricity in quality and reliability this. Paper deals with the services provided by the electricity supply industry and how the utilization of electricity can help in achieving the desired standard of product quality and reliability.the electricity supply industryIn the year ending 31st March, 1966, 65,672,000,00 0 units of electricity were sold to industry out of a total of 154,124,000,00 0 units. Much of the work of the electricity supply industry has been directed at ensuring reliability of supply for its customers coupled with an efficient generation, transmission and distribution system. Work is in progress on a 400,000 volt super grid to be pleted in 1970 and a direct current trans mission link, the first of its kind in the world,will be missioned in the London area in 1970.Reliability of supply The supply industry39。 million in 1966 1967,such i s the investment in the future development of electricity supply. Much of this research is directed at improving the efficiency, the reliability and the quality of the supply of electricity and the service offered t o the customer.industrial use of electricity for quality an d reliability Over the past few years the study of quality control and reliability has developed into a major manage ment control is no longer defined simply as an inspection function but is an inherent part of the whole production process. It must be planned and worked for,using whatever means are appropriate. Industry is asked to make its approach to the review of methods of working during Q amp。 R problems trace d t o production plant are not necessarily best solved by replacing worn out equipment with its modern counterpart. Examination of the whole process cycle ma y well suggest that a more modern technique should be introduced. Some examples of new approaches to new and old problems are given below.improved Q amp。 R with electric heatingProcess heating is a field in which electricity excels in achieving high product quality due to its cleanliness and controllability. Pottery firing ——When their old tunnel kiln was reaching the end of it s useful life,a nationally known pottery manufacturing pany, based in Dorset, in consultation with the Southern Electricity Board decided to replace it with three Top Hat electric kilns , each rated at 220kW. Each kiln has two heated bases which are used alternately and enable work to be unloaded from one base and reloaded while heating is carried out using the other base. The firing cycle is automatically controlled by a specially cut cam which determines the rate of rise, and takes between 10 hours and 11 hours to bring the kiln up to a temperature of 1050 deg. C. A further seven hours is required for cooling. A very even firing has been achieve d with these kilns making it possible to improve the quality of the ware and reduce the quantity of seconds . Induction billet heating—In the highly petitive market of extruded aluminum for the architectural and motor industries quality of extrusion and finish are of prime importance. To ensure high quality, one leading aluminum extrusion pany use all electric methods to process the raw aluminum through to the finished product. These methods, it is claimed, allow flexibility of operation and accurate quality control while at the same time offer savings in floor space, labor costs and reduced scrap. One important feature of the production process is the initial heating of the aluminum billets prior to extrusion. Ajax Magnetosphere induction heaters are used to heat 26 in. X7 India. billets to between 850 deg. F and 1000deg . F in three minutes, representing a vast improvement in speed pared with batch furnaces where a large batch of billets is heated in a cycle of about five hours. In addition, induction heaters allow greater temperature control and flexibility of operation.Paint drying on plastic—One pany who were seeking to expand their business in the plastic container market were finding difficulties in drying the print on the plastic sufficiently quickly . Temperature control had to be accurate to avoid overheating the plastic and melting it.Initial tests using hot air revealed a problem in the static electric charge of the bottles which was found to attract a layer o f fine dust, even in a few hours. A further problem was the space required by an air drying installation. By employing electric infrare d heating , drying was speeled up and bottles could be packed straight off to the system affected a significant saving in time and eliminated both the space and dust problem s simultaneously .Metal melting—An important feature of induction melting