【正文】
the role of a materials scientist is to develop or synthesize new materials,whereas a materials engineer is called upon to create new products or systems using existing materials and/or to develop techniques for processing materials. Most graduates in materials programs are trained to be both materials scientists and materials engineers. (P1 Materials Science and Engineering) 有時(shí)候把材料科學(xué)與工程再細(xì)分為材料科學(xué)與材料工程的分支是十分有用的。大多數(shù)畢業(yè)生在材料專業(yè)的教學(xué)計(jì)劃下被培養(yǎng)成材料科學(xué)家同時(shí)也是材料工程師。控制材料中相的種類,尺寸,分布,以及數(shù)量提供了一種控制性質(zhì)的方式。比如,熱壓陶瓷常含有極少的孔隙。晶粒的尺寸,形狀和方向在材料的宏觀性質(zhì)中,例如機(jī)械強(qiáng)度,起很關(guān)鍵的作用。相比之下,“材料工程”是根據(jù)材料的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)間的關(guān)系來設(shè)計(jì)或改變材料的結(jié)構(gòu)以制造出一系列可預(yù)先決定的性質(zhì)。使磁通集中、相對(duì)磁導(dǎo)率大于1小于或等于10的材料被稱為順磁性材料;使磁通集中、相對(duì)磁導(dǎo)率大于 10的材料被稱為鐵磁性材料。英譯漢:Elastic modulus 彈性模量 Stiffness and toughness 剛度和韌性,機(jī)械性能Naked eye肉眼 Optical property 光學(xué)性質(zhì)Thermal conductivity 熱導(dǎo)率 Mechanical strength 機(jī)械強(qiáng)度Transition elements 過渡元素 magnetic permeability 磁導(dǎo)率Alkali metals 堿金屬 integrated circuit 集成電路 Positively charged protons 正電荷質(zhì)子 specific gravity 比重 The melting point 熔點(diǎn) conduction bands 導(dǎo)帶The ion lattice 離子晶格 polycrystalline ceramics 多晶陶瓷Composite materials