財(cái)務(wù)分析-costaccounting-wenkub
2023-01-21 22:13:21 本頁面
【正文】 base salary, plus a mission which is a percentage of the selling price ?Most advertising is product specific ?The pany uses a trucking pany to deliver products to customers (costs are based on the length of trip and weight) Maple Leaf Company wants to allocate costs to the three products it makes and sells. Cost Allocation Exercise Background bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 17 Cost Accounting Operating Profit = Revenue Costs = Revenue Variable Costs Fixed costs = (Price per unit x Volume) (Variable cost per unit x Volume) Fixed costs = Volume x (Price per unit Variable cost per unit) Fixed costs = Volume x Unit contribution Fixed costs The breakeven volume is the volume for which operating profit = 0 0 = Breakeven volume x Unit contribution Fixed costs Fixed costs Unit contribution Price per unit Variable cost per unit Breakeven volume = Fixed costs = Backup for Breakeven Formula bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 15 Cost Accounting It is useful to know the following terms when doing cost analysis: Simplified ine statement: Variable Cost Gross Margin Fixed Cost Operating Margin Revenue = Price per Unit x Volume Gross margin is also called “Gross Profit,” or “Contribution Margin” Operating Margin is also called “Operating Profit” Revenue Ine Statement Terms bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 13 Cost Accounting ?All costs are variable over a very long time horizon (., for very large increases in volume) – Costs to run and maintain a puter system that tracks product orders are clearly fixed for a small change in volume, such as that associated with a slightly busy month. However, they are variable for a large change in volume, such as that associated with a new plant. ?Most costs are semivariable (., they tend to be added in lumps as volume increases) – Supervisory labor tends to be considered fixed because it is unlikely that additional supervisors would have to be added to handle a small increase, say 10%, in volume. But the workforce can only increase so much before an additional supervisor is needed. – In theory, production labor is variable. However, in many client situations, restraints placed by unions and difficulty in hiring and firing people in response to shortterm volume fluctuations make it, in practice, semivariable. Defining the appropriate time horizon for the analysis is important. A meaningful analysis will isolate the fixed cost and variable ponents of a particular cost Fixed vs. Variable bc BOS Copyright169。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。 1998 Bain amp。Author: Collins Qian Reviewer: Bob Armacost bc Cost Accounting March 1998 Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 2 Cost Accounting ?Importance of cost allocation ?Client example ?Definitions –direct vs. indirect, fixed vs. variable –breakeven volume ?Exercises –cost allocation –breakeven volume ?Key takeaways Agenda bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 4 Cost Accounting ?Which products are profitable? ?What is the breakeven volume by product? ?Which products require cost reduction efforts? ?How should we price our products? ?Which customer segments are most profitable? It is critical to have accurate and plete cost data to make sound strategic and tactical management decisions. Why Allocate Costs? bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 6 Cost Accounting ?Importance of cost allocation ?Client example ?Definitions –direct vs. indirect, fixed vs. variable –breakeven volume ?Exercises –cost allocation –breakeven volume ?Key takeaways Agenda bc BOS Copyright169。 Company, Inc. Cost Accounting 8 Cost Accounting W al k i n g m ow e rsB ic y c l e sR id i n g m o w e r sW a l k i n g m o w e r sB ic y c l e sR id i n g m o w e r sO r ig in a l a l l o c a tio n R e v i s e d a l l o c a tio n$ 8 . 0 M M $ 8 . 0 M M$0$2$4$6$8$ 1 0Cost (Millions of Dollars)After a thorough evaluation, the Bain team found that $
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