微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)課件中英文02文庫-wenkub
2023-05-26 08:31:21 本頁面
【正文】 Economists use models to simplify reality in order to improve our understanding of the world u Two of the most basic economic models include: u The Circular Flow Model u The Production Possibilities Frontier Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Role of Assumptions u Economists make assumptions in order to make the world easier to understand. u The art in scientific thinking is deciding which assumptions to make. u Economists use different assumptions to answer different questions. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Scientific Method u Uses abstract models to help explain how a plex, real world operates. u Develops theories, collects, and analyzes data to prove the theories. Observation, Theory and More Observation! Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Economics trains you to. . . . u Think in terms of alternatives. u Evaluate the cost of individual and social choices. u Examine and understand how certain events and issues are related. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Every field of study has its own terminology Mathematics axioms integrals vector spaces Psychology ego id cognitive dissonance Law torts venues Promissory estoppel Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 每個研究領(lǐng)域都有自己的語言 數(shù)學(xué) 公理 積分 向量空間 心理學(xué) 自我 本我 認(rèn)知的 不一致性 法律 侵權(quán)行為 案發(fā)現(xiàn)場 約定的禁止翻供 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 經(jīng)濟學(xué)訓(xùn)練你 . . . . u 從不同的角度思考問題。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Economist as a Scientist 作為科學(xué)家的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家 The economic way of thinking . . . 經(jīng)濟學(xué)思考方法 … u Involves thinking analytically and objectively. 客觀地分析與思考。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 科學(xué)方法 u 利用抽象的模型幫助解釋復(fù)雜的真實世界如何運行。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 假設(shè)的作用 u 為了使這個世界更容易理解，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家做一些假設(shè)。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The Economic Way of Thinking u Includes developing abstract models from theories and the analysis of the models. u Uses two approaches: u Descriptive (reporting facts, etc.) u Analytical (abstract reasoning) Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 經(jīng)濟模型 u 經(jīng)濟學(xué)家利用模型來簡化真實世界，使我們更好地理解這個世界。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. The CircularFlow Diagram Firms Households Market for Factors of Production Market for Goods and Services Spending Revenue Wages, rent, and profit Ine Goods amp。 2021 SouthWestern Spending Goods and services bought Revenue Goods and services sold Labor, land, and capital Ine = Flow of inputs and outputs = Flow of dollars Factors of production Wages, rent, and profit FIRMS ?Produce and sell goods and services ?Hire and use factors of production ?Buy and consume goods and services ?Own and sell factors of production HOUSEHOLDS ?Households sell ?Firms buy MARKETS FOR FACTORS OF PRODUCTION ?Firms sell ?Households buy MARKETS FOR GOODS AND SERVICES Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Services u Firms se
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