【正文】 DP Metals 44 商品價格走勢與全球經濟周期 0123456781970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2021 20214 03 02 01 00102030405060World GDP growth Changes in real price World GDP Food 45 商品價格走勢與全球經濟周期 0123456781970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2021 20213 02 01 001020304050World GDP growth Changes in real price World GDP Agricultural raw materials 46 全球經常項目收支失衡概況 1000 800 600 400 20002004006008001998 1999 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021Billion of US dollars Other emerging markets and developing countries China Advanced economies United States 47 1000 800 600 400 20002004001998 1999 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021發(fā)達經濟體經常項目收支概況 Billion of US dollars Japan Newly Industrialized economies Advanced economies United States Germany 48 1000 800 600 400 200020040060080010001960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2021 2021Financing of . Current Account Billion of US dollars Financial account balance Current account balance Direct investment, 49 1000 50005001000150020211960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2021 2021. Financial Account Billion of US dollars Foreignowned assets in ., assets abroad, Foreign official assets in ., Other foreign assets in ., 50 1000 50005001000150020211960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2021 2021. Capital Inflows Billion of US dollars Foreignowned assets in ., assets abroad, Direct investment . treasury securities Other capital inflows 51 1000 800 600 400 200020040060080010001998 1999 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021Financing of . Current Account Billion of US dollars Direct investment Portfolio investment Current account balance Other investment 52 美、歐、日經常項目收支狀況 864202462 0 0 0 q 1 2 0 0 1 q 1 2 0 0 2 q 1 2 0 0 3 q 1 2 0 0 4 q 1 2 0 0 5 q 1 2 0 0 6 q 2Current Account Position (percent of GDP) Euro Area United States Japan 53 新興市場經濟體經常項目收支 300 200 10001002003004005006007001998 1999 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021Billion of US dollars Other emerging markets and developing countries Developing Asia Middle East Common Wealth of Independent States Western Hemisphere Central and eastern Europe Africa 54 亞洲主要經濟體經常項目收支狀況 210123456782021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021Current Account Position (percent of GDP) China India NIEs ASEAN4 55 其他新興市場濟體經常項目收支狀況 1 050510152021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021Current Account Position (percent of GDP) Latin America Central Europe Middle East Africa 56 2021年全球經常項目盈余分布 日本 1 2 %德國 9 %沙特 9 %俄羅斯 9 %挪威 5 %瑞士 4 %荷蘭 4 %科威特 4 %新加坡 3 %阿聯(lián)酋 3 %阿爾及利亞2%委內瑞拉 2 %其他國家21%中國 1 3 %57 2021年全球經常項目赤字分布 土耳其 2 %意大利 2 %其他國家15%法國 3 %澳大利亞 3 %英國 4 %西班牙 7 %美國 6 4 %58 國際經濟環(huán)境機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存 世界經濟貿易繼續(xù)較快增長 ， 有利于我國在加快轉變對外貿易增長方式的同時保持出口的適度穩(wěn)定增長 。11991年 1月 2021年 4月美元對日元匯率 月末收盤價 21 美元、歐元、日元的名義有效匯率 80901001101201301402 0 0 0 m 1 2 0 0 1 m 1 2 0 0 2 m 1 2 0 0 3 m 1 2 0 0 4 m 1 2 0 0 5 m 1 2 0 0 6 m 1 2 0 0 7 m 1Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (index,2021=100) Euro Area United States Japan 22 美元、歐元、日元的實際有效匯率 2 52 01 51 0505101520252 0 0 0 m 1 2 0 0 1 m 1 2 0 0 2 m 1 2 0 0 3 m 1 2 0 0 4 m 1 2 0 0 5 m 1 2 0 0 6 m 1 2 0 0 7 m 1Real Effective Exchange Rate (deviation from 19802021 average) Euro Area United States Japan 23 亞洲主要經濟體的名義有效匯率 808590951001051101152 0 0 0 m 1 2 0 0 1 m 1 2 0 0 2 m 1 2 0 0 3 m 1 2 0 0 4 m 1 2 0 0 5 m 1 2 0 0 6 m 1 2 0 0 7 m 1Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (index, 2021=100) NIEs India China ASEAN4 24 亞洲主要經濟體的實際有效匯率 3 02 52 01 51 05051015202 0 0 0