【正文】 eous,With the continuous development of modern society, modern home with fire, electricity consumption is increasing year by year, more and more high frequency of fire, fire not only destroy the material property, cause social disorder, but also directly or indirectly harm to life, the soul of the people caused great harm. Every year many people killed by fire. Fire and explosion due to the negligence of the people, not only caused a large number of casualties, also suffer serious economic losses. This paper introduces a design of emergency lighting system in case of fire by singlechip microputer control. This design to MCS51 microcontroller as the core, in line with the national fire emergency luminaries standard 基于單片機的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 GB179452020. The thesis first analyzes how to use fire emergency lamp. Then, how to trigger emergency lighting a fire situation. Then it describes how the system design to achieve the emergency lighting, emphatically introduces the main microcontroller work, fire signal processing and fire signal processing delay. Key words： Singlechip Sensor 基于單片機的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 目錄 1 引言 ..........................................................................................................................5 .................................................................................5 ..........................................................................5 ...........................................................................................6 2設(shè)計工作 ....................................................................................................................7 ........................................................................................7 ....................................................................................7 ........................................................7 ......................................................................8 ..................................................................................................9 ................................................................................................ 10 ............................................................................... 10 ............................................................................... 11 ............................................................................... 12 3 火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ..................................................................................... 13 ......................................................................................... 13 ......................................................................................... 13 芯片 ......................................................................................... 14 ....................................................................................................... 18 ................................................................................................ 19 ................................................................................................ 21 ...................................................................................... 22 4火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 ...................................................................................... 24 ........................................................................... 24 ...................................................................................... 24 .................................................................................. 25 總結(jié) ............................................................................................................................ 28 參考文獻 ..................................................................................................................... 29 基于單片機的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 1 引言 消防應(yīng)急照明的技術(shù)背景 所謂應(yīng)急照明，是指在非正常情況下才能使用的照明設(shè)施，包括：備用照明、疏散照明、安全照明。消防應(yīng)急疏散照明技術(shù)是一項重要的就生疏散技術(shù)。 、環(huán)保等高科技方向發(fā)展。完善的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明設(shè)計，應(yīng)在電源設(shè)置、導(dǎo)線選型與敷設(shè)、燈具選擇及布置、燈具控制方式、疏散指示燈等各個環(huán)節(jié)嚴格執(zhí)行相關(guān)規(guī)范，保證在火災(zāi)緊急狀態(tài)下發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用。 基于單片機的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 本次研究思想 本次設(shè)計首先分析常用應(yīng)急燈如何實現(xiàn)應(yīng)急照明，然后介紹如何觸發(fā)火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明，接著說明系統(tǒng)如何實現(xiàn)火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明，著重介紹單片機是如何工作的。下面簡要說明兩種應(yīng)急燈具的器件構(gòu)成和工作原理： 對于常明應(yīng)急疏散標志燈來說，目前市場上一般采用濾光散射 LED作為光源，也有部分廠家會使用 EL（場致發(fā)光源）和熒光燈。目前其控制電路主要由 分離器件搭配使用 IC（如 55 LM358）完成。如果在市電正常情況下，出現(xiàn)電池開路、電池短路等故障，故障指示燈（黃燈）亮，提示管理人員需要對系統(tǒng)進行檢查和維修；當(dāng)市電電壓低于應(yīng)急轉(zhuǎn)換電壓時，控制電路轉(zhuǎn)入應(yīng)急狀態(tài)，此時備用電源和光源的通路被打開，保證光源能正常的工作；當(dāng)電池電壓低于規(guī)定的放電電壓時，控制電路應(yīng)斷開電池的所有放電回路，同時整個控制電路應(yīng)停止工作以避免蓄電池的漏電?？刂齐娐废鄬ΤＣ鲬?yīng)急疏散燈控制電路簡單，因為不需要提供常明通路?？紤]到該標準屬于對消防應(yīng)急燈的基本要求，所以從提高產(chǎn)品性能的目的出發(fā)，本課題的主題設(shè)計完全遵循這個標準。 充電保護 消防應(yīng)急燈 具應(yīng)具有過充電保護和充電回路短路保護，充電回路短路時其內(nèi)部器件表面溫度不應(yīng)超過 90℃ 。末次放電時間應(yīng)不低于首次放電時間的 85% 火災(zāi)信號處理 火災(zāi)的發(fā)生和發(fā)展是一個非常復(fù)雜的非平穩(wěn)過程，火災(zāi)一旦發(fā)生便以接觸式（物質(zhì)流）和非接觸式（能量流）的形式向外釋放能量。各種探測器對應(yīng)的火災(zāi)物理參量如下圖 21所示。 基于單片機的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 圖 22系統(tǒng)整體功能圖 系統(tǒng)硬件總體構(gòu)架 該系統(tǒng)主要由數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、單片機控制模塊、應(yīng)急照明模塊組成，系統(tǒng)整體結(jié)構(gòu)如圖 23所示。本系統(tǒng)主要包