外文翻譯--中國的地裂縫災害-wenkub
2023-05-19 08:13:02 本頁面
【正文】 al and geotechnical investigation on subsurface conditions of the potential hazard area, including seismic survey, gravity survey, electric survey, radiation survey and soil gases survey, will 4 help to find preexisting faults or other kinds of unsmooth subsurface. Borerhole data will be very useful in the investigations. Figure 1 (2) Monitoring the ground surface deformation for precursory signals. All kinds of the technique and instrument for geodesy, across fault deformation survey and engineering geology survey can be used to monitor the potential ground fissure hazard. To monitor and find where the maximum gradient curvature in subsidence profiles will help to predict the location of the fissures, while to monitor and judge the tendency of the creeping rate will help to predict the critical time of the hazard. Repeated leveling of closely spaced bench marks can be used to anticipate the locations of zones potentially susceptible to fissuring. In addition to vertical surveys, horizontal surveys can also be used to identify zones of extension. GIS and GPS have been used in ground fissure monitoring in Arizona (Sandoval. Bartlett. 1991). 5 (3) Consulting groundwater extraction in the near future. It has been found that the main displacement of ground fissures is caused by differential impaction. For example, the average ratio of subsidence (in the subsidence centers) rate to ground fissure creeping rate and to active fault movement is 100:10:1， 90% displacement is formed by differential impaction in Xi39。 slipcollapse fissures, including landslide fissures, mining fissures. Ground fissures have long history in China. The earliest ground fissures were recorded about five thousand years ago, “Ground fissures occurred before Yellow Emperor passed” (Taiping Yulan, the 880th).Those ancient ground fissures were pure natural ground fissures .However, the modern ground fissures have been caused by both natural and manmade genesis since the beginning of 20th century and occurred only tens of years. History of modern ground fissures in China The first group fissure was observed on the walls of the buildings in Northwestern University in Xi’an city in the beginning。 people did not pay attention to it, and thought that it might be caused by the bad quality of
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