【正文】 remain too expensive for largescale generation of electricity. Therefore, most schemes for the utilization of solar power depend upon the collection of thermal energy, followed by conversion to electrical energy. The simplest such approach involves focusing sunlight on a steamgenerating bioler. Parabolic refkectors can be used to focus sunlight on pipes containing heattransporting fluids. Selective coatings on these pipes can be used so that only a small percentage of incident energy is reradiated from the pipes. Extrecting useable electricity from the sun was made possible by the discovery of the photoelectric mechanism and subsequent development of the solar cell – a semiconductive material that converts visible light into a direct current. By using solar arrays, a series of solar cells electrically connected, a DC voltage is generated which can be physically used on a load. Solar arrays or panels are being used increasingly as efficiencies reach higher levels, and are especially popular in remote areas where placement of electricity lines is not economically alternative power source is continuously achieving greater popularity especially since the realisation of fossil fuel‘s shortings. Renewable energy in the form of electricity has been in use to some degree as long as 75 or 100 years ago. Sources such as Solar, Wind, Hydro and Geothermal have all been utilised with varying levels of success. The most widely used are hydro and wind power, with solar power being moderately used worldwide. This can be attributed to the relatively high cost of solar cells and their low conversion efficiency. Solar power is being heavily researched, and solar energy costs have now reached within a few cents per kW/h of other forms of electricity generation, and will drop further with new technologies such as titaniumoxide cells. With a peak laboratory efficiency of 32% and average efficiency of 1520%, it is necessary to recover as much energy as possible from a solar power system. This includes reducing inverter losses, storage losses, and light gathering losses. Light gathering is dependent on the angle of incidence of the light source providing power (. the sun) to the solar cell‘s surface, and the closer to perpendicular, the greater the power . If a flat solar panel is mounted on level ground, it is obvious that over the course of the day the sunlight will have an angle of incidence close to 90176。 , is equal in both cases as seen in Fig. 3. Fig. 4 Solar reference cells at a significant angle to the sun It can be seen in Fig. 4 that as the sun moves in the sky, assuming that the solar tracker has not yet moved, the angle of incidence of light to the reference panels will cause more light to fall on one cell than the other. This will obviously cause a voltage difference, where the cell that is facing the sun will have higher potential than the other. This phenomenon will result in a detectable signal at each cell, which can be processed by a suitable circuit. III. A PROTOTYPE SOLAR TRACKER The final stage involved coupling the circuitry to the motor and mounting it onto the bracket. The final product is seen plete . It has a Solarex 9W solar array made of polycrystalline silicon mounted on the flanges, which was borrowed from the teach officers. Quite simply having two test subjects carried out testing. The first scenario involved removing the panel from the tracker and laying it in a flat output was connected to a load that would dissipate 9W that would match the panel‘s at 12V 6 corresponds to a current of , so by Ohm‘s law。 該文 章包含了太陽(yáng)能跟蹤系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)施和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試。大量的能源已經(jīng)被使用，如煤炭、石油、天然氣、地?zé)豳Y源、核聚 變能源、核裂變能源、太陽(yáng)能和氫氣等。 當(dāng)煤炭 資源用盡前這些影響將 會(huì)越來(lái)越惡劣 。同時(shí)這些優(yōu)勢(shì)使石油成為理想的汽車(chē)燃料。 世界石油的 生產(chǎn)將在幾年之內(nèi)達(dá)到最高值。 一些石油不足的發(fā)展中 國(guó)家由于能源價(jià)格的關(guān)系其經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)遭到破壞。 目前已經(jīng)有許多節(jié)約能源和發(fā)展新能源的計(jì) 劃 被提 出來(lái) 。 這包括降低逆變器的損失 ,存儲(chǔ)的損失 ,和光收集的損失。 評(píng)價(jià)的重點(diǎn)是整個(gè)大局中的重要性和減少浪費(fèi)和使用的資金的方 法。 而且利用照射到地球的一小部分太陽(yáng)能就能夠提 供地球所需的能源。 太陽(yáng)能電池能夠?qū)⑻?yáng)能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能 ， 而且已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于空間飛行器能源 的提供 。這種管道使用涂層能夠使運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中的入射能量只有很少部分的流失。 可再生能源正在不斷的發(fā)展 ， 特別 是隨著化石燃料的日益減少。 這可能是由于太陽(yáng)能電池較 高的成本和較 低 的轉(zhuǎn)換效率 。 在這樣的一個(gè)角度下 ,電池聚集光線的能力實(shí)質(zhì)上是零 ,從而沒(méi)有輸出 。 從這一背景下 ,我們看到需要面板維持最大功率輸出，必須使入射角盡可能的接 近 0176。 許多不同的方法已經(jīng)被提出并且用來(lái)跟蹤太陽(yáng)的位置。 像這樣的設(shè)計(jì)存在一個(gè)問(wèn)題 ， 一旦光電晶體管被設(shè)置在偏置條件下 ，會(huì)降低它 的敏感性 。但是也同時(shí)接收等量太陽(yáng)光。 該裝置的最新樣品由涉及耦合電路的電機(jī)和安裝支架組成整 機(jī) 。 12V9W 對(duì)應(yīng) 的 電流，所以由歐姆定律計(jì)算負(fù)載電阻為 16Ω。在一個(gè)萬(wàn)里無(wú) 云的天氣中，每隔一段時(shí)間采集一組數(shù)據(jù)。 相 比 之下 ， 能夠跟蹤的太陽(yáng)能電池板同一時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了整體的 71％ 的輸出，即 。 設(shè)備在停止運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)， 一個(gè)電流表與電池一起串聯(lián)在電路中。 該設(shè)備與固定的太 陽(yáng)能面板相比，多獲得超過(guò) 30%的太陽(yáng)能。 通過(guò)相 同的太陽(yáng)能電池板 ， 提取更多的能量 ， 收集一瓦能量的成本也大大降低 。 在本論文中提出的設(shè)備由于其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，電機(jī)的高扭矩能力，能夠支持一個(gè)至少 8千 克的負(fù) 載 —— 一個(gè) 75W 的太陽(yáng)能電池板的平均重量 。 然而 ， 如果所有這些部 件都必須購(gòu)買(mǎi)，成本將預(yù)計(jì)不超過(guò) 100 美元。通過(guò)本篇文中的簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)計(jì)，個(gè)人也可以用來(lái)制 造簡(jiǎn)單的跟蹤設(shè)備。 參 考 書(shū) 目 [1] Fahrenburch, A. and Bube, R. 1983, Fundamentals of solar cells, Academic Press, New York. [2] Partain, . 1995, Sollar Cells an