【正文】 e the rate of CNC machine tools. , import equipment and production lines of the transformation of NC market Since China39。數(shù)控機(jī)床的改造外文翻譯, microscopic view of the necessity of From the micro perspective, CNC machine tools than traditional machines have the following prominent superiority, and these advantages are from the NC system includes puter power. can be processed by conventional machining is not the curve, surface and other plex partsBecause puters are superb puting power can be accurately calculated instantaneous each coordinate axis movement exercise should be instantaneous, it can pound into plex curves and surfaces. automated processing can be achieved, but also flexible automation to increase machine efficiency than traditional 3 to 7 times.Because puters are memory and storage capacity, can be imported and stored procedures remember down, and then click procedural requirements to implement the order automatically to achieve automation. CNC machine tool as a replacement procedures, we can achieve another work piece machining automation, so that single pieces and small batch production can be automated, it has been called flexible automation. high precision machining parts, the size dispersion of small, easy to assemble, no longer needed repair. processes can be realized more focused, in part to reduce the frequent removal machine. have automatic alarm, automatic control, automatic pensation, and other selfregulatory functions, thus achieving long unattended processing. derived from the benefits of more than five.Such as: reducing the labor intensity of the workers, save the labor force (one can look after more than one machine), a decrease of tooling, shorten Trial Production of a new product cycle and the production cycle, the market demand for quick response, and so on.These advantages are our predecessors did not expect, is a very major breakthrough. In addition, CNC machine tools or the FMC (Flexible Manufacturing Cell), FMS (flexible manufacturing system) and CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System), and other enterprises, the basis of information transformation. NC manufacturing automation technology has bee the core technology and basic technology., the macro view of the necessity From a macro perspective, the military industrial developed countries, the machinery industry, in the late 1970s, early 1980s, has begun a largescale application of CNC machine tools. Its essence is the use of information technology on the traditional industries (including the military, the Machinery Industry) for technological transformation. In addition to the manufacturing process used in CNC machine t ools, FMC, FMS, but also included in the product development in the implementation of CAD, CAE, CAM, virtual manufacturing and production management in the implementation of the MIS (Management Information System), CIMS, and so on. And the products that they produce an increase in information technology, including artificial intelligence and other content. As the use of information technology to foreign forces, the depth of Machinery Industry (referred to as information technology), and ultimately makes their products in the international military and civilian products on the market petitiveness of much stronger. And we in the information technology to transform traditional industries than about 20 years behind developed countries. Such as possession of machine tools in China, the proportion of CNC machine tools (CNC rate) in 1995 to only percent, while Japan in 1994 reached percent, every year a large number of imports of mechanical and electrical products. This also explains the macro CNC transformation of the need.Third, CNC machine tools and production lines of the transformation of the market , CNC transformation of the market My current machine total more than 380 million units, of which only the total number of CNC machine tool 113,400 Taiwan, or that China39。在某些情況下，在連續(xù)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中。工件的數(shù)量對(duì)采用自動(dòng)螺絲車(chē)床所加工的零件的經(jīng)濟(jì)性有較大的影響。自動(dòng)螺絲車(chē)床 自動(dòng)螺絲車(chē)床通被分為以下幾種類(lèi)型：?jiǎn)屋S自動(dòng)、多軸自動(dòng)和自動(dòng)夾緊車(chē)床。六角車(chē)床 對(duì)生產(chǎn)加工設(shè)備來(lái)說(shuō)，目前比過(guò)去更注重評(píng)價(jià)其是否具有精確的和快速的重復(fù)加工能力。這種加工方法的生產(chǎn)速度與現(xiàn)在工廠(chǎng)中使用的最快的加工設(shè)備的速度相等。普通車(chē)床作為最早的金屬切削機(jī)床的一種，目前仍然有許多有用的和為人要的特性和為人們所需的特性。它還可以在機(jī)床以外編制程序，并將其下載到每臺(tái)機(jī)床中。微處理器的發(fā)展為可編程邏輯控制器和微型計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展做好了準(zhǔn)備。直接數(shù)字控制是在穿孔紙帶和塑料帶基礎(chǔ)上的一大進(jìn)步。在形成了直接數(shù)字控制（DNC）這個(gè)概念之后，可以不再采用紙帶或塑料帶作為編程指令的載體，這樣就解決了與之有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。其中最重要的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，對(duì)輸入到帶中指令進(jìn)行修改是非常困難的，或者是根本不可能的。這就導(dǎo)致了一種專(zhuān)門(mén)的塑料磁帶的研制。在機(jī)床上每加工一個(gè)零件，都需要將載有編程指令的紙帶放入閱讀機(jī)中重新運(yùn)行一次。所有這些共同構(gòu)成了機(jī)床數(shù)字控制方面的巨大進(jìn)步。APT語(yǔ)言的研究和發(fā)展是在數(shù)控技術(shù)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展過(guò)程中的一大進(jìn)步。構(gòu)成臺(tái)階的每一個(gè)線(xiàn)段越短，曲線(xiàn)就越光滑。同許多先進(jìn)技術(shù)一樣，數(shù)控誕生于麻省理工學(xué)院的實(shí)驗(yàn)室中。數(shù)字控制的機(jī)器比人工操縱的機(jī)器精度更高、生產(chǎn)出零件的一致性更好、生產(chǎn)速度更快、而且長(zhǎng)期的工藝裝備成本更低。數(shù)字控制意味著采用預(yù)先錄制的、存儲(chǔ)的符號(hào)指令來(lái)控制機(jī)床和其他制造系統(tǒng)。在數(shù)控技術(shù)出現(xiàn)之前，所有的機(jī)床都是由人工操縱和控制的。此外，需要技術(shù)熟練的工人來(lái)操作普通車(chē)床，這種工人的工資高而且很難雇到。這些車(chē)床大部分都有切屑盤(pán)和一個(gè)安裝在內(nèi)部的冷卻液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。車(chē)床床面上最大加工直徑表示在車(chē)床上能夠車(chē)削的最大工件直徑，而兩頂尖之間的最大距離則表示在兩個(gè)頂尖之間能夠安裝的工件的最大長(zhǎng)度。第一個(gè)稱(chēng)為車(chē)床的床面上最大加工直徑。尾座的第三個(gè)組成部分是尾座套筒。尾座組件主要由三部分組成。一種正在不斷增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)是通過(guò)電氣的或者機(jī)械的裝置進(jìn)行無(wú)級(jí)變速。它基本上由一個(gè)安裝在精密軸承中的空心主軸和一系列變速齒輪(類(lèi)似于卡車(chē)變速箱)所組成。為了抵抗磨損和擦傷，大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代機(jī)床的導(dǎo)軌是經(jīng)過(guò)表面淬硬的，但是在操作時(shí)還應(yīng)該小心，以避免損傷導(dǎo)軌。它是一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的剛性框架，所有其他基本部件都安裝在床身上。因此，在生產(chǎn)中使用的各種車(chē)床比任何其他種類(lèi)的機(jī)床都多。中文譯文車(chē)床主要是為了進(jìn)行車(chē)外圓、車(chē)端面和鏜孔等項(xiàng)工作而設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)床。車(chē)床的基本部件有：床身、主軸箱組件、尾座組件、溜板組件、絲杠和光杠。通常在床身上有內(nèi)外兩組平行的導(dǎo)軌。導(dǎo)軌上的任何誤差，常常意味著整個(gè)機(jī)床的精度遭到破壞。通過(guò)變速齒輪，主軸可以在許多種轉(zhuǎn)速下旋轉(zhuǎn)。由于機(jī)床的精度在很大程度上取決于主軸，因此，主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸較大，通常安裝在預(yù)緊后的重型圓錐滾子軸承或球軸承中。底板與床身的內(nèi)側(cè)導(dǎo)軌配合，并可以在導(dǎo)軌上作縱向移動(dòng)。它是一個(gè)直徑通常大約在51~76mm（2~3英寸）之間的鋼制空心圓柱體。這是在車(chē)床上能夠旋轉(zhuǎn)的工件的最大直徑。普通車(chē)床是生產(chǎn)中最經(jīng)常使用的車(chē)床種類(lèi)。小型的普通車(chē)床—車(chē)床床面最大加工直徑一般不超過(guò)330mm（13英寸）被設(shè)計(jì)成臺(tái)式車(chē)床，其床身安裝在工作臺(tái)或柜子上。然而，操作工人的大部分時(shí)間卻花費(fèi)在簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)調(diào)整和觀(guān)察切屑過(guò)程上。在與人工控制的機(jī)床有關(guān)的很多局限性中，操作者的技能大概是最突出的問(wèn)題。一個(gè)數(shù)控技師的工作不是去操縱機(jī)床，而是編寫(xiě)能夠發(fā)出機(jī)床操縱指令的程序。數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了制造工藝中其他幾項(xiàng)新發(fā)明的產(chǎn)生： 電火花加工技術(shù)、激光切割、電子束焊接 數(shù)字控制還使得機(jī)床比它們采用有人工操的前輩們的用途更為廣泛。數(shù)控這個(gè)概念是50年代初在美國(guó)空軍的資助下提出來(lái)的。臺(tái)階中的每一個(gè)線(xiàn)段都必須經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算。最初的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)下今天應(yīng)用的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是有很大差別的。然而，在數(shù)控發(fā)展的這個(gè)階段中還存在著許多問(wèn)題。因此，這個(gè)問(wèn)題變得很?chē)?yán)重。在紙帶上通過(guò)采用一系列的小孔來(lái)載有編程指令，而在塑料帶上通過(guò)采用一系列的磁點(diǎn)瞇載有編程指令。即使對(duì)指令程序進(jìn)行最微小的調(diào)整，也必須中斷加工，制作一條新帶。在直接數(shù)字控制中，幾臺(tái)機(jī)床通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸線(xiàn)路聯(lián)接到一臺(tái)主計(jì)算機(jī)上。然而，它敢有著同其他信賴(lài)于主計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)一樣的局限性。這兩種技術(shù)為計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控（CNC）的發(fā)打下了基礎(chǔ)。計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控解決了主計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)生故障所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，但是它產(chǎn)生了另一個(gè)被稱(chēng)為數(shù)據(jù)管理的問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)在，這些機(jī)床主要用在規(guī)模較小的工廠(chǎng)中，進(jìn)行小批量的生產(chǎn)，而不是進(jìn)行大批量的和產(chǎn)。普通車(chē)床的加偏差主要信賴(lài)于操作者的技術(shù)熟練程度。應(yīng)用這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)具體的加工方法，六角車(chē)床可以獲得較高的質(zhì)量評(píng)定。自動(dòng)螺絲車(chē)床最初是被用來(lái)對(duì)螺釘和類(lèi)似