【正文】 危機(jī)，存在著巨大的發(fā)展壓力，它的根本原因是企業(yè)的科技含量不夠高，創(chuàng)新的能力比較弱，進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的門(mén)檻比較低，市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的激烈也增加 , 這些都不利于中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，國(guó)際金 融危機(jī)沖擊下的我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)能否真正的走出低谷，關(guān)鍵是廣大中小企業(yè)的活力能否得到完全恢復(fù)。 2 中小企業(yè)融資難相關(guān)問(wèn)題分析 一、中小 企業(yè)融資難現(xiàn)狀 改革開(kāi)放 30 年來(lái)，我國(guó)的中小企業(yè)得到了迅速的發(fā)展，占企業(yè)總數(shù) 99％的中小企業(yè)對(duì)我們國(guó)家 GDP 貢獻(xiàn)超過(guò)了 60％，稅收超過(guò)了 50％，提供了 70％的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易和 80％的城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)崗位。中小企業(yè)同樣是我們國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新的一個(gè)重要力量， 66％的發(fā)明專(zhuān)利， 82％的新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)都來(lái)自于中小企業(yè)，中小企業(yè)已經(jīng)成為繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)、調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)、推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新和形成新的產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要的力量。 二、中小企業(yè)融資難原因分析 中小企業(yè)融資難、貸款難應(yīng)該說(shuō)也是一個(gè)世界性的難題，從我國(guó)看，既有體制機(jī)制問(wèn)題，也有中小企業(yè)自身的問(wèn)題，主要有三個(gè)方面的原因：第一個(gè)，中小企業(yè)自身的問(wèn)題 , 中小企業(yè)一般規(guī)模小，實(shí)力弱，它的信譽(yù)不是太高。第二個(gè)，從銀行方 3 面來(lái)看，對(duì)于中小企業(yè)的貸款條件更加嚴(yán)格，因?yàn)槲覀兊你y行大部分是商業(yè)銀行，它也考慮自身的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，自身的利潤(rùn)。第三個(gè)，中小企業(yè)融資渠道太窄，中小企業(yè)在資本市場(chǎng)上直接融資的途徑有證券市場(chǎng)、包括中小板和創(chuàng)業(yè)板；還有私募股權(quán)基金、產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金、創(chuàng)業(yè)投資基金、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資基金，以及債券市場(chǎng)等等。在海外，中小企業(yè)成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的融資不僅僅依靠銀行的貸款，很多時(shí)候是獲得風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資或者創(chuàng)投的幫助，然而我國(guó)的中小企業(yè)在成長(zhǎng)中，基本無(wú)法獲得這樣的融資?，F(xiàn)在我國(guó)有大概一百多家村鎮(zhèn)銀行， 村鎮(zhèn)銀行的成立對(duì)改善縣經(jīng)濟(jì)投資的瓶頸，包括改善中小企業(yè)和支持三農(nóng)發(fā)展將會(huì)起到非常重要的作用。當(dāng)然，信用體系也不是只靠政府，現(xiàn)在有一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司，比如阿里巴巴在嘗試用網(wǎng)上交易的信息變成中小企業(yè)的信用指標(biāo)，這個(gè)信用指標(biāo)如果出來(lái)了以后，可以進(jìn)一步降低銀行的信息成本。例如凡是給中小企業(yè)貸款的，那么就根據(jù)銀行的貸款量，減少它的稅收，減少營(yíng)業(yè)稅、所得稅 。中小企業(yè)類(lèi)型不一，所處的發(fā)展階段不盡相同，決定了中小企業(yè)的融資需求也不一樣。創(chuàng)辦板推出將為自主創(chuàng)新的企業(yè)提供有效的監(jiān)管機(jī)制，推動(dòng)一批中小企業(yè)邁上新的發(fā)展臺(tái)階。 ( 二 ) 從銀行角度而言 如果依靠我國(guó)銀行業(yè)的現(xiàn)有金融產(chǎn)品和對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款的相關(guān)規(guī)定，要想解決中小企業(yè)融資難問(wèn)題是不可能的，我們改變不了中小企業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，那么我們就改變我們銀行的信貸方式，金融創(chuàng)新迫在眉睫。目前全國(guó)很多省份的中小銀行都開(kāi)展了面向中小企業(yè)的金融創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)，如江蘇農(nóng)信社廣泛推廣倉(cāng)單質(zhì)押，通過(guò)庫(kù)存產(chǎn)品作為 抵押取得貸款；天津?yàn)I海農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行積極開(kāi)展企業(yè)股權(quán)質(zhì)押貸款 。又如深圳發(fā)展銀行 , 他們通過(guò)關(guān)注企業(yè)交易對(duì)手的信用，關(guān)注企業(yè)的真實(shí)性， 選擇了一種新的對(duì)企業(yè)的信用評(píng)級(jí)方式。我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行大都是官辦的銀行，習(xí)慣在房子里坐等客戶，一筆貸款要審批一個(gè)月、三個(gè)月，這樣一種管理、這樣一種審批效果是不可能適應(yīng) 中小企業(yè)金融服務(wù)，也不可能來(lái)改善中小企業(yè)的融資困難。而銀行也不是一個(gè)人從頭到尾完成所有環(huán)節(jié)，而是派出 7 組工人，每人把住流水線上的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，批量生產(chǎn)。在機(jī)制建設(shè)以后就要有一批人能夠做這件事情，而且把它做得很好，這就要加強(qiáng)員工的培訓(xùn)，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)中小企業(yè)、微小企業(yè)貸款以及高新技術(shù)的中小企業(yè)的貸款工作的培訓(xùn)和交流的力度，加大整個(gè)產(chǎn)品應(yīng)變研發(fā)的力度，用新的激勵(lì)約束的辦法來(lái)培養(yǎng)一支專(zhuān)業(yè)的隊(duì)伍和新的服務(wù)文化。加大市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓能力，降低“產(chǎn)成品、應(yīng)收賬款”兩項(xiàng)資金占用，加快資金周轉(zhuǎn)。 7 Sme financing problems related to the analysis First， small and mediumsized enterprise financing status Reform and opening up, China for 30 years of small and mediumsized enterprises obtained a rapid development of enterprise, 99% of the small and mediumsized enterprises of our country more than 60% GDP contribution, tax over 50%, provides 70% of import and export trade and 80% of urban jobs. Small and mediumsized enterprises in our country is also an important power of independent innovation, 66% of invention patent, 82% of new product development of small and mediumsized enterprises, from small and mediumsized enterprises has bee the economic prosperity, expanding employment, adjusting structure, promote innovation and new industries of important strength. From 80 years since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, the implementation of the positive fiscal policy and looser moary policy, but no small and mediumsized enterprises from the proactive fiscal policy and moderate looser moary policy benefit directly, for instance, of the new 2021 225 million small loan only, more than the previous year, but rose % only the loans increased %, 09 year three months of national total credit increased 4 8 trillion, including loans to small and mediumsized enterprises increased amount only less than 5%. Current, loan financing difficult has bee the bottleneck of restricting the development of small and mediumsized enterprises and small and mediumsized enterprise production and management faced difficulties, according to the state statistical bureau of statistics and letter until the end of 2021 in the small and mediumsized enterprises of production or collapse closed accounts for about 7. 5%, the urban employment, this situation is not only more difficult economic recovery, influence and directly affect the growth and development of people39。a, solving some problems, but the loans of the small and mediumsized enterprises, especially those small problems, once the bankruptcy, nobody tube, so the bank loan quality cannot guaranteed, so in this management system, to reduce the risks, the bank will demand of small and mediumsized enterprises in providing enough after pawn dare loan. Another bank from the operation cost of small and mediumsized enterprises, do loans will pay more manpower, so also does not want to extend loans to small and mediumsized enterprises. A bank operating costs, the half is labor cost, small and mediumsized enterprises especially do small, very high labor costs, is five million or 50m or fifty billion billion a loan, it is the same as the workload, but it is the benefit o