【正文】 摘 要 能源工業(yè)是一個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的命脈。近年來，隨著石油價格的飆升，煤炭行業(yè)的重要地位和不可替代性也日益顯現(xiàn)。然而，中國煤炭行業(yè)的安全形勢卻不容樂觀，尤其是重、特大 煤礦 事故屢見報端。在這些事故中，瓦斯爆炸 占絕大多數(shù)。這其中，固然有很多誘發(fā)因素，但 是 煤礦生產(chǎn)企業(yè)安全監(jiān)測設(shè)備不完備、管理手段落后是造成事故的重要因素之一。 論文設(shè)計的內(nèi)容是煤礦監(jiān)測報警 系統(tǒng) ，論文的內(nèi)容從題目上看就可知道要分 三 部分來解決：一是煤礦瓦斯的監(jiān)測，二是系統(tǒng)的報警 ，三是利用 CAN總線組網(wǎng)、通訊 。論文首先闡述了 CH4監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)同的發(fā)展及狀況 。 在本文中，我們設(shè)計介紹了一種基于氣敏傳感器和單片機的煤礦瓦斯監(jiān)測報警器。我們給出了其硬件組成及軟件的設(shè)計方案，使其能達(dá)到進(jìn)行瓦斯監(jiān)測的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。本設(shè)計的硬件電路包括濃度檢測， A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換，單片機系統(tǒng)，數(shù)據(jù)顯示電路及聲光報警電路；軟件設(shè)計包括濃度采集，數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換及處理，動態(tài)顯示 ,聲光報警及上傳監(jiān)控主機等。通過軟硬件的設(shè)計可實現(xiàn)對瓦斯?jié)舛鹊谋O(jiān)測并且當(dāng)其濃度超過預(yù)警值時可進(jìn)行聲光報警，同時利用 CAN 總線進(jìn)行實時數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，以達(dá)到井下獨立報警，井上同時知曉的報警效果。 在論文中，我簡單論述 了 報警器 的 控制方案及 工作原理 ，給出了主程序及主要子程序的框圖。此次設(shè)計的瓦斯監(jiān)測報警器具有操作簡便，運行穩(wěn)定，檢測比較準(zhǔn)確的特點。 關(guān)鍵字 瓦斯監(jiān)測 傳感器 單片機 聲光報警 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路 CAN 總線 河南理工大學(xué)萬方科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 1 Abstract Energy industry is the vitals of our country’s economy development. In recent years, petroleum prices grow rapidly. The importance and unsubstitutability of coal industry increase everyday. But Chinese coal industry safety in production refuse optimism, as serious casualty repeatedly appeared in the newspaper. Gas explosion occupy the most part of those accident. It is sure that many factors caused that, but each colliery enterprise’s lack of safety monitoring equipment, ladder of management lag are the one of substantial reasons. The dissertation design content is the mine pit coal gas examination, the alarm system design. The paper content from the topic looked may know must divide two parts to solve. One is the mine pit coal gas examination, and another is the alarm system design. First of all, the dissertation expounds the development and actuality of CH4 instrumentaion. In this paper, we introduced a design of the monitoring detectors for the coal mine gas which based on a gas sensor and single enlargement system. We gave the hardware and software of the design of programmers to achieve the desired objectives for gas monitoring. The hardware including the design of the concentration testing, electric circuit A/D conversion, AT89S51 system, keyboard circuit, electric circuit monolithic integrated circuit acoustooptics reports to the police, the data show circuit and control circuit. The software design including concentrations collection, data conversion and handling, keyboard scanning, dynamic scanning , and the control of the concentration and so on. Software and hardware design can realize the monitoring of the gas concentrations and if the concentrations exceed the value of early warning can sound and light warning and open the platoon fans to reduce gas concentrations. The key words: gas monitoring, sensors, single enlargement,CAN bus ，monolithic integrated circuit acoustooptics reports to the police, electric circuit A/D conversion 河南理工大學(xué)萬方科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 2 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................. 0 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 1 1 緒論 .............................................................................................................................. 4 課題背景 ............................................................................................................ 4 瓦斯監(jiān)測的現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................................. 5 瓦斯監(jiān)測的發(fā)展方向 ........................................................................................... 5 2 系統(tǒng)概述 ...................................................................................................................... 6 系統(tǒng)框圖 ............................................................................................................ 6 工作原理 ............................................................................................................ 8 3 硬件電路設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................... 9 氣體傳感器的選擇及供電電路設(shè)計 ...................................................................... 9 氣體傳感器的選擇 ...................................................................................... 9 MC113 的結(jié)構(gòu)外形 ..................................................................................... 9 主要特點及技術(shù)參數(shù) ............................................................................... 10 傳感器供電電路設(shè)計 ............................................................................... 11 單片機 的選型及基本特性 ................................................................................... 12 單片機 AT89S51 ...................................................................................... 13 單片機 AT89S51的基本特性 .................................................................... 13 晶體 振蕩電路 ........................................................................................... 15 報警解除電路 ........................................................................................... 16 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)電路設(shè)計 ..................................................................................... 16 前置放大電路設(shè)計 ................................................................................... 17 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器的選型 .................................................................................... 17 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計 .................................................................................... 19 顯示電路 ........................................................................................................... 21 顯示器的選擇 .......................................................................................... 21 數(shù)據(jù)顯示部分電路 ................................................................................... 22 聲光報警及斷電電路設(shè)計 .................................................................................. 23 聲光報警電路設(shè)計 .....................................................................