【正文】 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論文） 論文題目： 傳輸設(shè)備速度控制器的設(shè)計 摘 要 轉(zhuǎn)速是直流電機(jī)運行中的一個重要物理量，如何準(zhǔn)確、快速測量出電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，并且實現(xiàn)對電機(jī)的調(diào)速在實際工作中具有非常大的使用價值。直流電機(jī)具有良好的啟動性能和調(diào)速特性，它的特點是啟動轉(zhuǎn)矩大，能在寬廣的范圍內(nèi)平滑、經(jīng)濟(jì)地調(diào)速，轉(zhuǎn)速控制容易，調(diào)速后效率很高。本文設(shè)計的直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，主要由 51單片機(jī)、電源、驅(qū)動電路、 LED液晶顯示器、霍爾測速電路以及獨立按鍵組成的電子產(chǎn)品。電源采用 78系列芯片實現(xiàn) +5V、 +15V對電機(jī)的調(diào)速采用 PWM波方式， PWM是脈沖寬度調(diào)制。本系統(tǒng)以 AT89S52單片機(jī)為控制核心，產(chǎn)生占空比受數(shù)字 PID算法控制的 PWM脈沖實現(xiàn)對直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制。通過獨立按鍵實現(xiàn)對電機(jī)的啟停、調(diào)速、轉(zhuǎn)向的人工控制， LED實現(xiàn)對測量數(shù)據(jù)（速度）的顯示。電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速利用霍爾傳感器檢測輸出方波，通過 51單片機(jī)對 1秒內(nèi)的方波脈沖個數(shù)進(jìn)行計數(shù)，計算出電機(jī)的速度，實現(xiàn)了直流電機(jī)的反饋控制。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 直流電機(jī)；調(diào)速；單片機(jī)；霍爾傳感器； PWM； PID ABSTRACT Speed is an important physical quantity in the running DC motor, how to accurately and quickly measure the motor speed has a very large value in use in practical work on the motor speed control. DC motor has a good startup performance and speed characteristics, it is characterized by starting torque, maximum torque, in a wide range of smooth, economical speed, speed, easy control, speed control after the high efficiency. This design of DC motor speed control system, mainly by the microcontroller 51, power supply, driver circuits, LED liquid crystal display, the Hall velocity and independent key ponent circuits of electronic products. Power supply with 78 series chip +5 V, +15 V for motor speed control using PWM wave mode, PWM is a pulse width modulation, duty cycle by changing the MCU 51. Achieved through 3independent buttons start and stop the motor, speed control, turning the manual control, LED realizes the measurement data (speed) of the display. Motor speed using Hall sensor output square wave, by 51 seconds to 1 microcontroller square wave pulses are counted to calculate the speed of the motor to achieve a DC motor feedback control. KEY WORDS: Dc motor。 Speed regulation。 Single chip microputer。 Hall sensor。 PWM； PID 湖北科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文：傳輸設(shè)備速度控制器的設(shè)計 目 錄 1 緒論 ......................................................................................................................................1 課題背景 .......................................................................................................................1 選題的目的和意義 .......................................................................................................2 研究方法 .......................................................................................................................2 2 基本原理闡述 ......................................................................................................................3 直流電機(jī)調(diào)速 ...............................................................................................................3 直流電機(jī)原理 ........................................................................................................3 直流電機(jī)調(diào)速方法 ................................................................................................4 PWM 原理及其實現(xiàn)方法 .................................................................................................6 PWM 基本 原理 .........................................................................................................7 PWM 脈寬調(diào)制方 式 .................................................................................................8 PID 算法簡介 .................................................................................................................8 PID 控制 ..................................................................................................................8 數(shù)字 PID 算法 ........................................................................................................8 數(shù)字 PID 參數(shù)整定方法 ......................................................................................10 3 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計方案 ............................................................................................................ 11 單片機(jī)設(shè)計方案 ......................................................................................................... 11 驅(qū)動電路設(shè)計 方案 .....................................................................................................12 速 度采集模塊設(shè)計方案 .............................................................................................12 顯示電路設(shè)計 方案 .....................................................................................................13 輸 入電路設(shè)計方案 .....................................................................................................13 電源設(shè)計方案 …………………………………………… ............………… ....… .....13 4 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ....................................................................................................................15 系統(tǒng)基本組成 .............................................................................................................15 電源電路設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................15 電機(jī)驅(qū)動電路設(shè)計 .....................................................................................................16 轉(zhuǎn)速測量電路設(shè)計 .....................................................................................................17 AT89S52 的 簡介 ...........................................................................................................18 AT89S52 主要性能 ................................................................................................18 AT89S52 主要功能例舉 ……………………………………………………… ...18 AT89S52 各引腳功能介紹 ………………………………………………… .… ..19 LED 顯示電路設(shè)計 ......................................................………………… .....................19 湖北科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文：傳輸設(shè)備速度控制器的設(shè)計 LED 簡介 ...............................................................................................................19 LED 七段數(shù)碼管的結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................