【正文】 摘 要 世界上低滲透油田資源豐富，分布廣泛。隨著世界范圍內(nèi)中高滲透、儲量大的油田進(jìn)入中后期開發(fā)開采階段，水油比上升速度快，復(fù)雜難采的低滲透油田所占的比例越來越大。 而且國內(nèi) 油田開發(fā)的主要對象已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向以 “低孔、低滲、低豐度 ”為特征的 “三低 ”油藏。此類油藏非均質(zhì)性嚴(yán)重，開發(fā)難度大。 如何合理有效開發(fā)低滲、特低滲油藏是一項重要的研究課題。白馬中南部工區(qū)油藏具有低滲、特低滲的共性，開展對白馬中南部工區(qū)低滲油藏注水開發(fā)技術(shù)對策研究，不僅可以為有效開發(fā)白馬中南部工區(qū)提供技術(shù)支持，同時也可以為類似的油藏開發(fā)提供重要的借鑒價 值和指導(dǎo)意義。 本文首先從低滲透油藏地質(zhì)特征，開采方式，井網(wǎng)部署及滲流規(guī)律來闡述低滲透油藏特性，總結(jié)目前常用的剩余油 分布 研究方法并重點介紹 運用 數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)對剩余油 分布 進(jìn)行研究。 然后 對白馬中南部工區(qū)的區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景進(jìn)行了簡要介紹，分析了油藏早期生產(chǎn)特征；并對油田沉積特征、油藏流體性 質(zhì) 、儲層各種物性等進(jìn)行分析研究。在此基礎(chǔ)上，開展油藏工程研究，對目前工區(qū)產(chǎn)能，滲流特征進(jìn)行簡要的介紹， 重點研究白馬中南部工區(qū)的注水開發(fā)效果，井網(wǎng)適應(yīng)性及油藏壓力。 通過數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)掌握白馬中南部工區(qū)目前剩余油分布情況， 結(jié)合剩余油研究成果， 設(shè)計三類調(diào)整措施 ，并展開油藏合理開發(fā)模式論證， 從而得到 最優(yōu)方案 。 對 優(yōu)化 方案 與以現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)模式進(jìn)行對比，進(jìn)一步闡明優(yōu)化方案的優(yōu)勢所在。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 低滲透油藏； 油藏工程 ； 剩余油分布 ； 井網(wǎng)系統(tǒng) ；數(shù)值模擬 Abstract Lowpermeability oil fields in the world are rich and widely distributed. As the world of high permeability, large reserves of oil into the late stages of exploration development, wateroil ratio increased speed。 the proportion of lowpermeability oil fields is growing. And the main target of national oil field development has shifted to low porosity, low permeability, low abundance”, as the features of the three lowsreservoirs. Such reservoir heterogeneity, the development is difficult. How rational and effective development of low permeability and low permeability reservoir is an important research southcentral work area of Bai Ma Zhong reservoir has the mon of low permeability, carrying out water injection and technological measures in low permeability of the southcentral, not only for effective development work area to provide technical support, but also for a similar reservoir development to provide important reference value and significance. Firstly, it describes the flow characteristics of low permeability reservoirs from the low permeability reservoir geological characteristics, exploitation method, pattern of well and seepage law, summarizes current research methods monly used in the remaining oil and focus on the use of numerical simulation to study the distribution of remaining oil,and summarizes current research methods monly used in the remaining oil and focuses on the use of numerical simulation to study the distribution of remaining it describes the regional geological environment of southcentral,and analyzes the reservoir production characteristics,oilfield sedimentary characteristics, reservoir fluid properties and reservoir properties. On this basis, carrying out reservoir engineering studies, and introducing the current work area deliverability and flow characteristics, focuses on the effect of water injection in southcentral work area, well adaptability and reservoir pressure. By numerical simulation techniques to master the distribution of the remaining oil in the current work area, Designed three adjustment measures , and expand the demonstration of rational development models,then get the optimal solution in the current with the existing mode of production,and further clarify the advantages of optimized programs. Key words: Low permeability reservoir。 reservoir engineering。 remaining oil distribution。 well pattern。 numerical simulation I 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 .............................................................................................................................. 1 立題意義和研究目的 ...................................................................................................... 1 低滲透油藏研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 .................................................................................. 1 國內(nèi)外低滲透油藏儲量分布 ................................................................................... 2 低滲透非線性滲流研究現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................... 2 低滲透注水開發(fā)研究現(xiàn)狀 ....................................................................................... 3 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容和技術(shù)路線 .................................................................................. 5 本文的技術(shù)路線 ....................................................................................................... 5 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容及成果 ................................................................................... 5 第 2 章 低滲透油藏特性及滲流特征 ...................................................................................... 7 低滲透油藏劃分方法、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和依據(jù) .............................................................................. 7 低滲透油藏地質(zhì)特征 ...................................................................................................... 8 低滲透油藏的開發(fā)方式 .................................................................................................. 8 低滲透油藏井網(wǎng)部署 ...................................................................................................... 9 低滲透油藏滲流機理 .................................................................................................... 10 低滲透油藏非達(dá)西滲流規(guī)律 ................................................................................. 10 低滲透油藏滲流的影響因素 ................................................................................. 11 第 3 章 剩余油分布預(yù)測研究 ................................................................................................ 12 剩余油研究分類 ............................................................................................................ 12 剩余油的研究方法 ........................................................................................................ 12 數(shù)值模擬研究剩余油分布 ............................................................................................ 14 油藏數(shù)值模擬思路 ................................................................................................. 14 油藏數(shù)值模擬發(fā)展方向 ......................................................................................... 15 第 4 章 白馬中南部工區(qū)概況及開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................ 16 區(qū) 域概況 ..............................................................................