【正文】 學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（畢業(yè)論文） 題 目： 村鎮(zhèn)供水廠電氣及儀表控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號： 1 專 業(yè)：自動化 班 級：自動化 2 班 指導(dǎo)教師： I 村鎮(zhèn)供水廠電氣及儀表控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 摘 要 根據(jù) 村鎮(zhèn) 的供水 的 要求，設(shè)計了一套 電氣及儀表控制的變頻恒壓供水 系統(tǒng)。變頻恒壓供水 控制 系統(tǒng)由變頻器、壓力傳感器、水泵機(jī)組、 數(shù)字顯示儀表 等 組 成。 供水廠為遠(yuǎn)在方圓 15Km 外的幾十個村莊供水，供水廠由加壓站和水源井群組成，水源井群由 3 眼井組成。先把水源井中的水注入加壓站的蓄水池中，然后 由加壓泵從蓄水池通過變頻調(diào)速控制為用戶供水。 蓄水池包含三臺潛水泵電機(jī)控制水位，依據(jù)水位的不同，啟動不同臺數(shù)的潛水泵，功率大一臺的應(yīng)采用降壓啟動。同時 包含三臺 加壓 水泵電機(jī)，它們組成變頻循環(huán)運(yùn)行 系統(tǒng)，控制柜應(yīng)能根據(jù)用戶需求的供水壓力供水， 采用變頻器實現(xiàn)對 加壓 水泵的軟啟動和變頻調(diào)速， 實現(xiàn)任意一臺水泵的的變、工頻切換及兩臺水泵之間的自動啟動與停止， 壓力傳感器檢測當(dāng)前水壓信號，送入 變頻器 與設(shè)定值比較 ， 進(jìn)行 PID 運(yùn)算，從而控制變頻器的輸出電壓和頻率，進(jìn)而改變水泵的轉(zhuǎn)速來改變供水量，最終保持管網(wǎng)壓力穩(wěn)定在設(shè)定值附近 ，實 現(xiàn)恒壓供水。 關(guān)鍵詞： 恒壓供水 ； 變頻器 ； PID 控制 ； 變頻調(diào)速；儀表內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 說明書（畢業(yè) 論文 ） II Rural Water Supply Plant Electrical and Instrumentation Control System Design Abstract According to the requirement of the rural water supply, Design a set of electrical and instrument control of frequency conversion constant pressure water supply system. Frequency conversion constant pressure water supply control system by frequency converter, pressure sensor, pumping unit, Digital display instrument, etc. Water supply plant for dozens of villages in fangyuan 15 km outside the water supply, Water supply plant is posed of pressure and water well group, Source well group consists of three Wells. Put water Wells water injection pressure in the reservoir, Then the pump water from the reservoir through the frequency control of motor speed control for users. Reservoir contains three submersible pump motor control water level, According to the water level is different, Start the different sets of submersible pump, Power of freshman should adopt stepdown startup. At the same time contains three pressurized water pump motor, They are posed of variable frequency cycle operation system, control cabi should be able to supply pressure water supply according to user requirements, Frequency converter, is adopted to realize of pressurized water pump soft start and frequency control of motor speed, Implement as a pump of variable, power frequency switching and automatic start and stop, between the two pumps, Current hydraulic pressure sensor signal, Into the inverter pared with the set value to PID arithmetic, To control the output voltage and frequency of the inverter, Can make a big difference to the speed of water pump motor to change water supply, Eventually maintain stability of the pipe work pressure near the set point, To realize constant pressure water supply. Key words: constant pressure water supply。 frequency converter。 PID controlling。 variable frequency speed regulation。 instrument內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 說明書（畢業(yè) 論文 ） III 目 錄 摘 要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract....................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 緒 論 .......................................................................................................................... 1 變頻技術(shù)研究背景及意義 ........................................................................................ 1 變頻技術(shù)的研究背景 .................................................................................... 1 變頻恒壓供水技術(shù)的重大研究意義 ............................................................ 1 變頻恒壓供水國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................ 2 儀器儀表 .................................................................................................................... 2 儀表在控制系統(tǒng)中的作用 ............................................................................ 3 給排水的常用儀表及其作用 ........................................................................ 3 本設(shè)計的主要研究內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................ 4 第二章 控制方案擬定 .............................................................................................................. 6 變頻調(diào)速恒壓供水的主要特點 ................................................................................ 6 變頻調(diào)速恒壓供水的節(jié)能原理 ................................................................................ 7 常見供水系統(tǒng)的安全性問題 .................................................................................... 8 對供水的電機(jī)和電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行的保護(hù) ................................................................ 8 水錘效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生原因及其消除方法 ............................................................ 9 延長水泵壽命的因素 .................................................................................... 9 研 究對象 .................................................................................................................. 10 供水廠供水的構(gòu)成 .................................................................................................. 10 水源井群給水池供水部分 .......................................................................... 10 控制方案的確定 .......................................................................................... 11 第三章 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................ 13 系統(tǒng)的理論分析 ...................................................................................................... 13 PID 參數(shù)的整定 ....................................................................................................... 14 PID 及其發(fā)展史的介紹 ............................................................................... 14 PID 控制器的參數(shù)整定 ............................................................................... 17 PID 參數(shù)整定的相關(guān)原則 ........................................................................... 17 內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計 說明書（畢業(yè) 論文 ） IV PID 控制算法及特點 ................................................................................... 18 補(bǔ)水部分的設(shè)計 ................................................