【正文】 摘要 在整個(gè)煤礦的工業(yè)發(fā)展中，礦井下安全和有效的生產(chǎn)都離不開(kāi)礦井通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，而在一個(gè)完整的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)中礦井主通風(fēng)機(jī)顯得尤為重要，因此對(duì)礦井主通風(fēng)機(jī)的控制非常具有研究?jī)r(jià)值。傳統(tǒng)的通風(fēng)機(jī)控制方法采用恒轉(zhuǎn)速方式，通過(guò)改變通風(fēng)管網(wǎng) 風(fēng) 阻力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)增加或者減小風(fēng)量，這樣做雖然可以實(shí)現(xiàn)通風(fēng)量的改變，但是這種方式造成了很多不必要的電能的浪費(fèi)，不利于工業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 本設(shè)計(jì)的方法是利用 PLC 控制技術(shù)和變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)對(duì)礦井通風(fēng)機(jī)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的調(diào)速使其運(yùn)行在礦井通風(fēng)機(jī)特性曲線上的最優(yōu)點(diǎn)附近從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電能的充分利用。設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程分為三個(gè)部分，第 一個(gè)部分是通風(fēng)機(jī)變頻調(diào)速節(jié)能原理的說(shuō)明以及變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)；第二個(gè)部分是 PLC 及變頻器的硬件設(shè)計(jì)；第三個(gè)部分是系統(tǒng)的軟件程序設(shè)計(jì)。 第一部分的設(shè)計(jì)中包括對(duì)通風(fēng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行原理及其運(yùn)行曲線進(jìn)行分析，著重闡述變頻調(diào)速節(jié)能的原理。 第二部分的設(shè)計(jì)中包括對(duì)系統(tǒng)中所需的硬件進(jìn)行選型和介紹，系統(tǒng)的電氣原理圖設(shè)計(jì)。 第三部分的設(shè)計(jì)中包括利用西門(mén)子 STEP7Micro/ 編程軟件對(duì)系統(tǒng)所需的 PLC 程序進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)，風(fēng)量控制算法的介紹。 關(guān)鍵詞： 主通風(fēng)機(jī)； PLC。變頻調(diào)速技術(shù) Abstract In the development of the mine Industry, safe and efficient mine production and mine ventilation system is inseparable,and in a full main mine fan ventilation system，the main fan is particularly important, therefore, the main mine fan control system is very worthy of traditional method of using constant speed fan control mode, by changing the ventilation pipe work resistance to achieve the increase or decrease the amount of wind, this can change the ventilation rate, but this means to cause a lot of unnecessary energy waste, not conducive to the further development of the industry. The method of this design is the use of PLC control technology and frequency control technology, near realtime adjustment of its runs in optimum mine ventilator characteristic curve， in order to achieve full use of design process is divided into three parts, the first part is to design energyefficient fan frequency control principle explanation and frequency control system。 the second part is the hardware design of the PLC and inverter。 and the third part is the system software programming. The first part of the design, including the principle of its operation running fan curves were analyzed, focuses on the principle of variable frequency speed control. The second part of the design of the system includes the hardware required electrical schematic’s design selection and the introduction of the system. The third part of the design include the use of Siemens STEP7MICRO / PLC programming software to write programs, and air flow control algorithm is introduced. Keywords: main fan。 PLC。 Variable frequency speed control technology 目 錄 1 緒論 .............................................................................................................................................1 課題的研究背景及其發(fā)展意義 ..........................................................................1 可編程控制器控制技術(shù)在礦井通風(fēng)機(jī)上的應(yīng)用 ..............................................1 變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 ..........................................................................................3 本論文研究的主要內(nèi)容 ......................................................................................3 本章小結(jié) ..............................................................................................................4 2 通風(fēng)機(jī)相關(guān)原理及變頻調(diào)速原理介紹 ....................................................................5 礦井通風(fēng)機(jī)相關(guān)原理 ...........................................................................................5 礦井通風(fēng)機(jī)初步介紹 .........................................................................................................5 主要礦井通風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)行的特性曲線說(shuō)明 .............................................................................5 變頻調(diào)速原理及變頻器簡(jiǎn)介 ...............................................................................7 交流異步電機(jī)調(diào)速原理簡(jiǎn)介 .............................................................................................7 變頻調(diào)速簡(jiǎn)介 .....................................................................................................................8 變頻器的簡(jiǎn)介 .......................................................................................................9 變頻調(diào)速節(jié)能原理分析 .......................................................................................9 本章小結(jié) .............................................................................................................11 3 礦井主通風(fēng)機(jī)變頻節(jié)能系統(tǒng)方案及硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................12 系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................................12 礦井主通風(fēng)機(jī)變頻節(jié)能系統(tǒng)的要求 ...............................................................................12 礦井主通風(fēng)機(jī)變頻節(jié)能系統(tǒng)方案選擇與分析 ...............................................................12 系統(tǒng)主要電氣設(shè)備 的選型及介紹 ...............................................................................13 礦井主通風(fēng)機(jī)的選型 ........................................................................................................13 西門(mén)子 S7200PLC 介紹及使用方法 ...............................................................................14 西門(mén)子 MM430 變頻器介紹及使用方法 .........................................................................16 負(fù)壓傳感器的選型及使用方法 .......................................................................................18 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................................19 S7200 擴(kuò)展模塊 EM235 介紹及使用方法 ......................................................................19 S7200PLC 與 MM430 變頻器 I/O 口地址的分配 ..........................................................19 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)電氣柜控制原理圖繪制與說(shuō)明 ...............................................................20 本章小結(jié) .............................................................................................................................24 4 礦井主通風(fēng)機(jī)變頻節(jié)能系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................25 PLC 編程語(yǔ)言與編程環(huán)境介紹 .....................................................................................25 PLC 編程語(yǔ)言與方法 ........................................................................................................25 西門(mén)子 PLC編程軟件 STEP7Micro/WIN......................................