【正文】 本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文） I 摘要 進入 21 世紀以來，石油是不可缺少的能源之一， 隨著國民經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展，對地下開采石油量的需求不斷增長 ， 現(xiàn)代鉆井技術(shù)有了新的發(fā)展， 本文主要 研究鉆井工程中各個參數(shù)的測量。 傳統(tǒng)的 鉆 井設備體積龐大、不易安裝、輸出信號一般為模擬信號，測量精度不高、實時性差、出現(xiàn)故障也不易排除，因此給鉆井工作帶來了巨大的隱患； 本文將在鉆井過程中使用雙 CPU 系統(tǒng)測量各個參數(shù)， 因為各個參數(shù)的信號是模擬信號，需要一個 CPU 一直采集讀取，而 CPU 還有顯示跟打印的功作，所以避免測量誤差，采取更為方便的 CPU 測量系統(tǒng)， 一個是事務處理 CPU， 另一個是測量處理的CPU，雙 CPU 都是使用 AT89S52 型單片機對各參數(shù)進行控制，井深的測量是使用了稱重傳感器跟絞盤編碼器一起來進行測量，鉆壓扭矩的測量也是采用了比較實用的應變片測量方法。 本文的優(yōu)點就是利用雙 CPU 系統(tǒng)來 工作 ， 應變發(fā)法測量鉆壓扭矩， 方便快捷的實現(xiàn)了 各個參數(shù) 的測量 。 關(guān)鍵字 :單片機 ； 鉆壓 ； 鉆井 ；扭矩；監(jiān)測 本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文） II Abstract In the 21 century, the oil is one of the indispensable energy, as the national economy of the rapid development of underground mining, the amount of oil rising demand, modern drilling technology is a new development, so this paper is mainly drilling engineering research in the measurement of each parameter. The traditional drilling equipment huge volume, not easy installation, the output signal is monly analog signals, measurement accuracy is not high, the realtime failure, not easy also ruled out, so give drilling work brings huge risks。 and This paper will be a drilling process using dual CPU system parameter measurement, because each parameter is the signal of the analog signal, need a CPU has been gathering, and the CPU and read with the work that print, so avoid measurement errors, take a more convenient CPU measurement system, is a transaction processing CPU, the other is a measurement processing CPU, double CPU are the use of various parameters of AT89S52 SCM control, well depth measurement is used together with the winch encoder weighing transducer to make the measurement, the measurement of drilling pressure torque is used more practical measurement method of the strain gauge. The advantages of this paper is to use the system to work, twin CPU strain measurement hair drilling pressure torque, convenient and quick to realize the measurement of each parameter. Key word: SCM。 Drilling pressure。 torque。 drilling 。 monitoring 本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文） III 目錄 第 1 章 緒論 ................................................................................................................... 1 鉆井工程技術(shù)發(fā)展的背景 ................................................................................ 1 國內(nèi)外鉆井技術(shù)的發(fā)展概況 ............................................................................ 1 自動控制技術(shù)在鉆井中的應用 ........................................................................ 2 本文研究的內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................ 2 第 2 章 方案論證 ............................................................................................................. 4 方案論證 ............................................................................................................ 4 測量井深原理 .................................................................................................... 4 測量鉆壓原理 .................................................................................................... 5 測量扭矩的原理 ................................................................................................ 6 現(xiàn)有鉆壓扭矩測量技術(shù)比較 ............................................................................ 7 整體框圖 ............................................................................................................ 8 CPU 的選型 ......................................................................................................... 8 第 3 章 硬件系統(tǒng)設計 ..................................................................................................... 9 主機及其最小系統(tǒng)的設計 ................................................................................ 9 單片機最小系統(tǒng) ..................................................................................... 11 數(shù)據(jù)存儲芯片選擇 ...........................................................................................13 鍵盤輸入接口設計 ...........................................................................................15 打印機的設計 ...................................................................................................16 顯示器的設計 ...................................................................................................17 測井儀與通信接口電路設計 ...........................................................................18 測量 CPU 系統(tǒng)設計 ...........................................................................................19 大鉤懸重傳感器 ...............................................................................................19 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ............................................................................................................20 絞盤編碼器 .....................................................................................................21 鉆壓扭距傳感器 .............................................................................................23 PWM 控制 ..........................................................................................................24 第 4 章 軟件設計 ............................................................................................................26 測量 CPU............................................................................................................26 事物處理 CPU....................................................................................................26 測量 CPU 說明及主流程 ...................................................................................27 事務處理 CPU 說明及主流程圖 .......................................................................29 DS12887 說明及流程圖 .........................................................................30 LCD240128A 說明及流程圖 ...................................................................30 鍵盤設計流程圖 ....................................................................................32 下位機通信流程圖 .....................................................................