【正文】
摘 要 我國配網(wǎng)普遍采用小電流接地方式,其中,配網(wǎng)單相接地故障占配網(wǎng)故障的 80%左右。由于單相接地故障的復(fù)雜性,在相當(dāng)多的電弧接地情況下,穩(wěn)態(tài)分量很小而暫態(tài)分量成分很高,因此,可以利用零序電流中暫態(tài)分量的豐富信息來判斷故障饋線。本論文首先分析了小電流接地系統(tǒng)發(fā)生單相接地的情況,指出了單相接地故障的選線難點,進(jìn)而綜述了當(dāng)前的研究現(xiàn)狀。之后本文深入分析了小電流接地系統(tǒng)發(fā)生單相接地故障穩(wěn)態(tài)過程和暫態(tài)過程,為選線方法尋找理論依據(jù)。然后,通過小電流接地模擬電網(wǎng)在不同條件下發(fā)生單相接地故障時的實錄波形分析與處理,得 到了小電流接地系統(tǒng)發(fā)生單相接地故障時暫態(tài)特征。結(jié)合單相接地故障時的暫態(tài)特征,本文研究了現(xiàn)有的選線方法,利用實錄波形和仿真波形對選線判據(jù)進(jìn)行驗證,比較分析了各種選線算法的優(yōu)缺點。鑒于模擬電網(wǎng)的局限性,本論文采用 搭建具有 10kV 五出線的仿真電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行大量的單相接地故障仿真實驗。為消除工頻分量的影響,本文對采樣數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行基于單零點非遞歸算法的陷波處理,提取出暫態(tài)高頻信號。最后,本論文提出基于零序暫態(tài)電流首半波比值的選線判據(jù),并對該方法進(jìn)行大量不同條件下仿真實驗,進(jìn)一步 驗證該判據(jù)的正確性。 關(guān)鍵詞: 小電流接地選線;單相接地故障;零序電流;暫態(tài)分量; Simulink ABSTRACT In China, the indirectly earthed power system are monly used in distribution work. And singlephase earth fault accounted for about 80% of all the failures in distribution work. Due to the plexity of singlephase earth faults and the arc to ground when faults occurs in indirectly earthed distribution system, for most cases the steady state ponent of fault current is small or approximates to zero and the transient ponent is high. Therefore, zerosequence transient current can be used for fault feeder detection. First of all, this paper analyzes the occurrence of singlephase earth fault, pointing out the difficulties for fault feeder selection, and then an overview of current research. In order to search for the theory foundation of line selection, the author analyzes steadystate and transient process indepth. After analyzing a lot of experimental data from the simulation of 6kV power work, the author obtains the fe atures of zerosequence transient currents in faulty feeder arcing fault and healthy feeders while arcing fault occurs. On this basis, this paper study the principle of many existed methods of singlephase grounded feeder detection, and use recording waveform and simulation waveforms to verify their line section criteria, then a parative analysis of their algorithm for feeder detection. Due to the limitation the simulation of 6kV power work, this paper use of five 10kV feeder for the simulation of a large number of singlephase to ground fault. In order to eliminate the impacts of 50Hz current, the author use notch processed data to extraction the transient highfrequency signals. Finally, the author introduce a new method of singlephase grounded feeder detection in indirectly earthed power system based on the ratio of the first halfwave of zerosequence transient current, and a large number of simulation experiments under different conditions to further verify the validity of the method. Key words: indirectly earthed power system。 singlephase earth fault。 zerosequence transient current。 Simulink 目 錄 1 緒論 ............................................................ 1 小電流接地系統(tǒng)單相接地故障研究現(xiàn)狀 ......................... 1 小電流接地系統(tǒng)單相接地故障選線難點 ......................... 2 本論文研究的目的和主要內(nèi)容 ................................. 3 2 小電流接地選線理論基礎(chǔ) .......................................... 3 小電流接地方式介紹 ......................................... 3 各種接地方式單相接地故障分析 ............................... 5 中性點不接地電網(wǎng)單相接地故障的特點 .................... 5 中性點經(jīng)消弧線圈接地電網(wǎng)單相接地故障的特點 ............ 8 小電流接地暫態(tài)過程的基本特征 .............................. 10 暫態(tài)電容電流 ......................................... 10 暫態(tài)電感電流 ......................................... 13 暫態(tài)接地電流 ......................................... 14 3 小電流接地電網(wǎng)電弧接地故障模擬實驗 ............................. 14 4 基于暫態(tài)零序電流信號特征分量的選線方法研究 ..................... 24 暫態(tài)零序電流幅值比較法 .................................... 24 選線原理 ............................................. 24 仿真驗證 ............................................. 25 暫態(tài)零序電流極性比較法 .................................... 27 選線原理 ............................................. 27 故障實例驗證 ......................................... 27 基于相關(guān)分析的選線方法 .................................... 28 互相關(guān)系數(shù) ........................................... 29 故障選線原理 ......................................... 29 仿真驗證 ............................................. 30 選線方法對比 .............................................. 33 5 選線新方法原理與仿真 ........................................... 34 基于暫態(tài)零序電流首半波比值選線方法 ........................ 34 MATLAB 仿真及實現(xiàn) ......................................... 35 線路參數(shù)設(shè)置 ........................................ 36 變壓器及負(fù)荷參數(shù)設(shè)置 ................................. 36 算法選取與仿真參數(shù)設(shè)置 ............................... 37 仿真結(jié)果 ............................................. 37 仿真結(jié)果分析 ......................................... 44 6 結(jié)論 ........................................................... 45 致 謝 ........................................................... 47 參考文獻(xiàn) : ....................................................... 48 附錄: ........................................................... 50 翻譯部分 ......................................................... 52 中文譯文 ...................................................... 52 英文原文 .............................................................................................................66 中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 第 1 頁 1 緒論 我國電力系統(tǒng)中性點接地方式有兩種,即中性點直接接地方式和中性點非直接接地方式。 110kV 及以上電網(wǎng)采用中性點直接接地方式,在這種系統(tǒng)中,發(fā)生單相接地時,短路電流很大,故稱大電流接地系統(tǒng)。電壓等級在 110kV 以下、 6kV 以上的中低壓配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,其中性點接地方式主要為非直接接地方式,即不接地或者經(jīng)過消弧線圈接地,這樣的系 統(tǒng)一般稱為小電流接地系統(tǒng) [1]。 小電流接地系統(tǒng)直接面向用戶。根據(jù)電力運(yùn)行部門統(tǒng)計,其發(fā)生單相接地故障的幾率最高,可占總故障的 80%左右,這時供電仍能保證線電壓的對稱性,且故障電流較小,不影響對負(fù)荷連續(xù)供電,故不必立即跳閘,規(guī)程規(guī)定可以連續(xù)運(yùn)行 1~2h。尤其在瞬時故障下,短路點可以自行滅弧,恢復(fù)絕緣,不需要運(yùn)行人員采取什么措施,這對于減少用戶短時停電次數(shù)具有積極意義 [2]。 但是,隨著配電網(wǎng)的迅速發(fā)展,電網(wǎng)中電纜線路的比例上升,纜線混合線路越來越多,系統(tǒng)線路也增多,系統(tǒng)單相接地故障電流增大,長時間運(yùn)行就容易 使故障擴(kuò)大成兩點或者多點接地短路,弧光接地還會引起全系統(tǒng)過電壓,進(jìn)而損壞設(shè)備,破壞系統(tǒng)安全運(yùn)行,所以運(yùn)行人員必須及時查明故障線路,以便采取相應(yīng)對策解除故障,恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行。配電網(wǎng)發(fā)生單相接地時,一般只要求繼電保護(hù)能選出發(fā)生接地的線路并及時發(fā)出信號,而不必理解跳閘,但當(dāng)單相接地對人身和設(shè)備的安全造成危險時,則應(yīng)動作于跳閘。這就提出了配電網(wǎng)的單相接地故障選線問題。 小電流接地系統(tǒng)單相接地故障研究現(xiàn)狀 對于故障選線的研究,在前蘇聯(lián),小接地電