【正文】 基于單片機的智能電池充電器 的設(shè)計 I 基于單片機的智能 電池 充電器 的設(shè)計 摘 要 由于以往的充電器不能根據(jù)電池的 充電 狀態(tài)進行數(shù)據(jù)分析 ， 采取相應(yīng)的 電池 充電模式， 而是 一直采用大電流充電， 極易造成電池的極化現(xiàn)象， 導(dǎo)致電池充電效率較低，使用壽命縮 短 。 基于上述原因 本文 設(shè)計了一種 基于單片機的智能電池充電器 ，該充電器是 由 ADuC824 單片機控制 ， 根據(jù)充電電池的 充電 狀態(tài)輸出一定的 PWM 脈沖波，進而 采用 涓流充電，恒流充電，恒壓充電和浮充電等四個階段 對鉛酸蓄電池 充電， 并且可以 通過單片機的 輸出端口顯示當(dāng)前的充電 狀態(tài) ， 在充電結(jié)束時自動終止充電， 蜂鳴器發(fā)出報警 聲，提醒用戶電池已經(jīng)充滿 ， 實現(xiàn)電池充電的智能化。 關(guān)鍵 詞 智能充電器 ADuC824 TL494 鉛酸蓄電池 基于單片機的智能電池充電器 的設(shè)計 II DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT CHARGER BASED ON SINGLECHIP MICROCOMPUTER ABSTRACT In the past, as the charger cannot be based on the status of rechargeable battery data to analysis it cannot be carried out the mode, which is suitable. It has been using a highcurrent charge, which is result in more lower efficient for battery charger, reduces service life. Because of it, I design an intelligent charger, which is controlled by singlechip microputer. According to the state of battery, ADuC824 singlechip microputer will control and output a PWM pulse, in turn, leadacid battery will be charged through to fourstage charge such as trickle charge, constant current charging, constant voltage charging and floating charge, it can also show the current charging phase through the output terminal of singlechip microputer and can terminate charging automatically. A warning buzzer will sound to remind the user that it is already full of batteries. KEY WORDS intelligent battery charger ADuC824 TL494 leadacid battery 基于單片機的智能電池充電器 的設(shè)計 目 錄 摘要 ..................................................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................................... Ⅱ 1 緒論 ................................................................................................................................................................1 研究背景 .........................................................................................................................................1 充電技術(shù)的發(fā)展概述 ............................................................................................................1 充電器的技術(shù)水平、現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 ...................................................................2 2 鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理及充放電過程 ..............................................................................3 鉛酸蓄電池的基本概念 ......................................................................................................3 鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理 ......................................................................................................6 鉛酸蓄電池電動勢的產(chǎn)生 .......................................................................................6 鉛酸蓄電池放電過程的電化反應(yīng) ........................................................................6 鉛酸蓄電池充電過程的電化反應(yīng) ........................................................................7 鉛酸蓄電池充放電后電解液的變化 ...................................................................7 蓄電池的充電工作特性 ......................................................................................................7 充電終止條件控制方法 ................................................................................................... 12 電壓控制 ....................................................................................................................... 12 定時控制 ....................................................................................................................... 13 溫度控制 ....................................................................................................................... 14 智能充電器的充電過程 ................................................................................................... 14 3 智能充電器的硬件設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................. 15 智能充電器的總體設(shè)計要求及設(shè)計方案 .......................................................... 15 基于單片機的智能電池充電器 的設(shè)計 單片機部分 ................................................................................................................................ 16 ADuC824 的介紹 ......................................................................................................... 16 單片機電路部分 ........................................................................................................ 21 充電電路設(shè)計部分 ............................................................................................................... 22 充電電路電源部分 ..................................................................................................... 22 控制電路 ......................................................................................................................... 22 檢測電路 ......................................................................................................................... 25 4 智能充電器的軟件設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................. 28 主程序軟件設(shè)計 ..................................................................................................................... 29 子程序軟件設(shè)計 ..................................................................................................................... 30 5 結(jié)論 ............................................................................................................................................................. 32 致謝 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33 參考文獻 .........................................................................................................................................................