【正文】 I 摘 要 本論文介紹的是 XKA5032A/C 數(shù)控立式升降臺銑床自動(dòng)換刀裝置（刀庫式）的設(shè)計(jì) .刀庫式的自動(dòng)換刀裝置是由刀庫和刀具交換裝置（換 刀機(jī)械手）組成。它是多工序數(shù)控機(jī)床上應(yīng)用最廣泛的換刀裝置，其整個(gè) 換刀過程比較復(fù)雜。首先把加工過程中需要使用的全部刀具安裝在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的刀柄上，在機(jī)床外進(jìn)行尺寸預(yù)調(diào)后，按一定的方式裝入刀庫。換刀時(shí)，先在刀庫中進(jìn)行選刀，由機(jī)械手從刀庫和主軸上取出刀具，然后交換位置，把新刀插入主軸，舊刀放回刀庫。存放刀具的刀庫具有較大的容量，其容量為六把刀具 ,采用盤形結(jié)構(gòu) ,安裝在機(jī)床的左側(cè)立柱上 。因?yàn)?XKA5032A/C 數(shù)控立式升降臺銑床外形及其他性能參數(shù)等均與 THK6363 型自動(dòng)換刀數(shù)控鏜銑床相似，所以本機(jī)床的自動(dòng)換刀裝置的設(shè)計(jì)將仿效THK6363 型自動(dòng)換刀數(shù)控鏜銑床換刀裝置，設(shè)計(jì)成采用軸向放置的鼓盤式刀庫形式和回轉(zhuǎn)式雙臂機(jī)械手組成。 刀具按預(yù)定工序的先后順序插入刀庫的刀座中，使用時(shí)按順序轉(zhuǎn)到取刀位置。用過的刀具放回原來的刀座內(nèi)，也可以按加工順序放入下一個(gè)刀座內(nèi)。該法不需要刀具識別裝置，驅(qū)動(dòng)控制也比較簡單，工作可靠。但刀庫中每一把刀具在不同工序中不能重復(fù)使用，為了滿足加工需要只有增加刀具的數(shù)量和 刀庫的容量，這就降低了刀具和刀庫的利用率。此外，裝刀時(shí)必須十分謹(jǐn)慎，如果刀具不按順序裝在刀庫中，將會產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。順序選刀是在加工之前，將加工零件所需刀具按照工藝要求依次插入刀庫的刀套中，順序不能有差錯(cuò)。加工時(shí)按順序調(diào)刀。適合加工批量較大、工件品種數(shù)量較少的中、小型自動(dòng)換刀裝置。可知數(shù)控銑床用 4 把刀就可完成大多數(shù)的銑削加工。所以這個(gè)容量為 6 把刀的刀庫，幾乎不存在加工過程中需要重復(fù)利用刀具的情況，所以刀具的選擇方式確定為順序選擇刀具。 兩手互相垂直的回轉(zhuǎn)式單臂雙手機(jī)械手的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是換刀動(dòng)作可靠，換好時(shí)間短，缺點(diǎn) 是刀柄精度要求高，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，聯(lián)機(jī)調(diào)整的相關(guān)精度要求高，機(jī)械手離加工區(qū)較近。一般來說，這種機(jī)械手用于刀庫刀座軸線與機(jī)床主軸軸線垂直，刀庫為徑向存取刀具形式的自動(dòng)換刀裝置，因此，在 XKA5032A/C 數(shù)控立式升降銑床的自動(dòng)換刀裝置中可采用這種機(jī)械手形式。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 數(shù)控銑床；自動(dòng)換刀裝置；刀庫；換刀機(jī)械手 II ABSTRACT This thesis introduction is the design that the XKA5032 A/C number controls the sign type working panel lifter miller to change the knife device(the knife database type) knife database type automatically change the knife device is have by the knife database and the knife to exchange device(change the knife the machine hand) to is many work ordinal numbers to control the top of the tool machine to apply to change the knife device most extensively, it is whole to lead to change the knife process more process process in need to be use of all knifes have to install on the haft of the standard, pressing certain way to pack into the knife database after the tool machine carry on size to prepare to adjust in the knife database carry on choosing knife first while change the knife, is taken out knife to have from the knife database and the principal axis by the machine hand, then exchange position, insert the new knife into the principal axis, the old knife puts back a knife knife database that deposits knife to have has bigger capacity, its capacity has for six knifes, adopting the dish form structure, the left side that installs in the tool machine signs pillar XKA5032 A/C number controls the sign type working panel lifter miller shape and other function parameter to all change the knife with THK6363 typeses automatically number to control the boring miller likeness, so this tool machine changes the knife the design of the device to change the knife in the wake of THK6363 typeses automatically automatically the number control the boring miller to change the knife device, the design beeses the adoption stalk toward the drum dish type knife database form and the turnover type double the arm machine hand for place to constitute. The knife has to press to schedule to the work preface insert the knife of the knife database order of sequence, usage turn to take knife position in knife for using puts back the original knife inside, can also press to process sequence to put into the next method doesn39。t need the knife to identify device, driving a control also more simple, work the knife database in each knife have in the different work preface and can39。t repeat an usage, for satisfying to process to need to only increase the capacity of the quantity and the knife database that the knife have, this utilization that lowers knife to have with the knife to be very careful while packing knife in addition, if the knife doesn39。t in order have to pack in the knife database, will produce serious 39。s choosing knife is before process, will process the knife that spare parts need to have to request to be one by one in order in the knife set of insert the knife database according to the craft, the sequence can39。t have adjust knife in to process a batch quantity to pare greatly,the work piece the species quantity less of medium,small scaled the auto change the knife know the number controls miller to use 4 make the knife plete most III milling and can pare to this capacity is 6 knife databases of knifes, almost the nonentity process to need to make use of the circumstance that the knife have again in the process, so the knife have of the choice method assurance for in proper order choice the knife have. Two hands are mutual perpendicular of the advantage of the turnover type single arm hands machine hand change the knife action credibility, changing good time short, the weakness is the haft accuracy to have high request, structure plications, the linking machine adjust of the related accuracy have high request, the machine hand leaves to process area speaking, this kind of machine hand useds for the knife database knife the stalk line and the tool machine principal axis stalk line perpendicular, the knife database has a form to change the knife device automatically toward the access knife for the path, therefore can adopt this kind of machine hand form in the XKA5032 A/C number control the sign type rise and fall miller the auto change the knife the device. Key Words： Numerical control milling machines； Automatic tool changer； Tool storage；Tool changingmanipulator IV 目 錄 摘 要 I 第 1 章 設(shè)計(jì)說明書結(jié)構(gòu)及要求 1 題目 1 摘要與關(guān)鍵詞 1 摘要 1 關(guān)鍵詞 2 目錄 2 設(shè)計(jì)說明書正文 2 XKA5032A/C 數(shù)控立式升降臺銑床自動(dòng)換刀裝置設(shè)計(jì) 2 數(shù)控機(jī)床知識 2 數(shù)控銑床的分類 3 數(shù)控立式銑床 18