【正文】 I 摘 要 目前，隨著電子產(chǎn)品在人類生活中的使用越來越廣泛，由此引起的火災(zāi)也越來越多，在我們生活得四周到處潛伏著火災(zāi)隱患。為了避免火災(zāi)以及減少火災(zāi)造成的損失，我們必須按照“隱患險(xiǎn)于明火，防患勝于救災(zāi)，責(zé)任重于泰山”的概念設(shè)計(jì)和完善火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，將火災(zāi)消滅在萌芽狀態(tài)，最大限度地減少社會財(cái)富的損失。 本系統(tǒng)可安裝在各防火單位，它負(fù)責(zé)不斷地向所監(jiān)視的現(xiàn)場發(fā)車巡檢信號，監(jiān)視現(xiàn)場的溫度、濃度等，并不斷反饋給報(bào)警控制器，控制器將接到的信號與內(nèi)存的正常整定值比較、判斷確定火災(zāi)。當(dāng)發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)聲光報(bào)警、故障自診斷、 濃度顯示、報(bào)警限設(shè)置、延時(shí)報(bào)警及與上位機(jī)串口通信等，是一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、性能穩(wěn)定、使用方便、價(jià)格低廉、智能化的煙霧傳感器，具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 單片機(jī)；火災(zāi)報(bào)警；傳感器 II ABSTRACT Now, with electronic products used in human life more and more widely, the resulting fire, more and more, we live in fire hazards lurking around everywhere. To avoid fires and reduce fire losses, we must follow the hidden dangers fire in prevention is better than disaster relief, the responsibility is extremely heavy, the concept design and improvement of automatic fire alarm system, fire nipped in the bud, the maximum reduce the loss of social wealth. The system can be installed in all fire units, which is responsible for continuously monitoring the site to start the inspection signal, monitor the site of temperature, concentration, and continuous feedback to the alarm controller, the controller will receive the signal and the normal memory setting value was determined by paring to determine the fire. When fire occurs, can achieve sound and light alarm, fault diagnosis, concentration display, alarm limit settings, delay alarm and serial munication with the host puter is a simple structure, stable performance, easy to use, inexpensive, intelligent smoke sensor, has some practical value. Keywords ： SCM； fire alarm。 sensor 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 III 目錄 摘 要 ..............................................................................................I ABSTRACT ................................................................................... II 目錄 ...............................................................................................III 緒論 ................................................................................................. 1 概述 ........................................................................................................1 國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀 ...............................................................................1 課題研究的背景和意義 ........................................................................3 第 2 章 火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)整體方案設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 5 火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生原理及過程 .............................................................................5 系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................7 系統(tǒng)總體功能概述 .....................................................................7 系統(tǒng)硬件總體構(gòu)架 .....................................................................8 系統(tǒng)軟件總體構(gòu)架 .....................................................................9 火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的類型 ..........................................................................10 火災(zāi) 探測器的原理 .............................................................................. 11 第 3 章 火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................. 13 系統(tǒng)核心芯片選擇 ..............................................................................13 傳感器介紹 .............................................................................13 ISD1420 語音芯片 ..................................................................14 80C51 芯片 .............................................................................17 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 .........................................................................21 數(shù)碼管顯示電路 .....................................................................24 單片機(jī)外圍接口電路 ........................................................................26 晶振電路 .................................................................................26 復(fù)位電路 .................................................................................26 數(shù)據(jù)采集電路 ....................................................................................27 信號處理電路 ....................................................................................31 報(bào)警電路 ............................................................................................32 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 IV 語音報(bào)警電路 ...........................................................................32 光報(bào)警電路 ...............................................................................32 數(shù)碼管顯示電路 ................................................................................34 第 4 章 火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................. 35 軟件開發(fā)環(huán)境 ......................................................................................35 火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................36 主程序流程圖 ...........................................................................36 主程序初始化流程圖 ...............................................................38 數(shù)據(jù)采集子程序 .......................................................................39 火災(zāi)判斷與報(bào)警程序 ...............................................................41 結(jié)論 ............................................................................................... 43 致 謝 ............................................................................................. 45 附錄 1 電路原理圖 ....................................................................... 46 附錄 2 系統(tǒng)程序 ........................................................................... 47 附錄 3 外文翻譯 ........................................................................... 51 山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 1 緒論 概述 無線火災(zāi)傳感器硬件和軟件平臺的設(shè)計(jì)對于整個系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用至關(guān)重要，作為整個系統(tǒng)的底層支持，其必 然向微型化、高度集成化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、節(jié)能化、智能化的方向發(fā)展，近幾年，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)成本下降和微處理器體積縮小，開發(fā)和構(gòu)造火災(zāi)智能無線報(bào)警系統(tǒng)將有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。工程試驗(yàn)結(jié)果充