【正文】 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） I 摘 要 本次設(shè)計的題目是 YA321000KN 萬能 液壓機 的設(shè)計 ，它是利用液壓傳動技術(shù)進行壓力加工的設(shè)備。它 是 用于鍛壓、軸類零件的壓裝或校正、冷擠、沖壓、彎曲、壓塊、粉沫冶金、成型等工藝過程的壓力加工機械，與機械壓力機相比，它具有壓力和速度可在廣泛的范圍內(nèi)無級調(diào)整，可在任意位置輸出全部功率和保持所需壓力，并能完成壓制成型和定程成型等工藝方式，結(jié)構(gòu)布局靈活，各執(zhí)行機構(gòu)動作可很方便地達到所希望的配合關(guān)系等優(yōu)點；然而，該液壓機也具有一定的缺點：它的機身剛度較小，由于用四立柱作導(dǎo)向，活動橫梁內(nèi)側(cè)導(dǎo)向套與四立柱磨 損后不易調(diào)整。 本次設(shè)計采用軟件與硬件相結(jié)合的方法，設(shè)計的液壓機是 YA32— 1000KN 四柱萬能型，最大壓制力為 100 噸，液壓最大工作壓力為 16MPa，它的加工工藝較其它類型液壓機簡單。主機為三梁四柱式結(jié)構(gòu)，油缸由四柱導(dǎo)向，頂出缸布置于工作臺中間孔內(nèi)。各操縱調(diào)整機構(gòu)均集中設(shè)置在操縱箱面板上，動力機構(gòu)（包括電動機、泵、閥等元件）設(shè)置于右側(cè)。根據(jù)給定的有關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)繪制液壓機的動作線圖，從動作線圖上可以清楚的反映出各動作行程，速度和它們的配合關(guān)系，液 壓 系統(tǒng)和電控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計很重要，包括確定系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行元件（液壓缸）的 主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸，繪制液壓系統(tǒng)圖，選擇各類元件及輔件的形式和規(guī)格，確定系統(tǒng)的主要參數(shù)，進行必要的性能估算。電器控制采用可編程控制，實行以油為工作介質(zhì)，其油缸工作過程由按鈕集中操作，使液壓速度可調(diào)。最后進行液壓機的總體設(shè)計。 此次設(shè)計目的明確，通過老師細心指導(dǎo)，自己查閱有關(guān)資料，及到實習(xí)工廠觀察學(xué)習(xí)，順利完成設(shè)計任務(wù)。通過這次設(shè)計培養(yǎng)了自己動手、綜合運用多學(xué)科的理論知識和技能解決工程實際問題的能力，為以后實際工作打下基礎(chǔ)。 關(guān)鍵詞：液壓機；四柱；電器控制；液壓缸 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） II Abstract This design topic is a hydraulie press, it is carried on the shaping using the hydraulic transmission technology the equipment. It uses in the fing and stamping, the axis class ponents pressure installs or the adjustment, the swaging, the ramming, the curving, the briquetting, the powder metallurgy, takes shape and so on the techological process shaping machinery, pares with the mechanical press, it has the pressure and the speed may adjust in the widespread acope the steo, may ourput the plete power and the maintenance in the free position needs the pressure,and can plete the suppression to take shape and decides the regulation to take shape and the craft way and so on, the structural configuration is flexible, each implementing agrncy movement may very conveniently achieve hoped merit and coordinate relations however, this hydraulice press also has the certain shorting。Its fuselage rigidity is smaller , due to makes the guidance with four columns,the active crossbeam Inside guidance set wears after four columns is not easy to regulate. This design uses the method which software and the hardware unifies, the design hydraulic perss is the YA321000KN four columns multipurpose, the biggest suppressed strength is 100 tons, the hydraulic pressure biggest working pressure is 16Mpa, itsprocessing craft pares other tupe hydraulic presses to be simple. The main engine is three Liang four columns structures,the cylinder guides by four columns,goes against the cylinder arrangement in the work table middle hole. Front the control box arrangement is right to the fuselage leans. Each operation adjusting mechanism strongly establishes on the control box kneading board , the actuating unit (including electric motor, pumps,part and valve, ect) establishes to right fla nk. According to the related technical parameter which assigns draws up the hydraulic press the movement graph, the driven makes in the graph to be allowed the clear reflection carious movements travelling schedule, speed and their coordinate relations. The hydraulic system and the lelctrically controlled system design is very important, including determination system functional element (hudraulic cylinder) main structure size, draws up the official hydraulic scheme, chooses each kind of part and the auxiliary form and the specification, definite system main parameter, carries on the essential performance evaluation. The electric appliance control uses the 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） III programmable control., the implement take the oil as the actuating medium, its cylinder work process by button centralized control, it causes the suooressed speed to be possible to move. Finally carries on the hydraulic press the system design. This design goal is clear,carefullu instructs through teacher,own consult the pertinent data, and to factory affiliated with a school observation study, smoothly has pleted the design task. Raise myself through this design to begin, the synthesis utilizes the multidisciplinary theory knowledge and the skill solution project actual problem ability, will build the foundation for the later practical work. Key words: hydraulic press。 four columns。 electric appliance control。 hydraulic cylinder 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） IV 目 錄 第 1 章 緒 論 ........................................................................................................... 1 液壓傳動及液壓系統(tǒng) ................................................................................ 1 液壓傳動的發(fā)展 ............................................................................. 1 液壓系統(tǒng)的組成 ............................................................................. 1 設(shè) 計的任務(wù)及意義 .................................................................................... 2 第 2 章 液機的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) ................................................................................. 3 YA32─ 1000KN 四柱萬能液壓機主要參數(shù) ............................................. 3 YA32─ 1000KN 四柱萬能液壓機系統(tǒng)工況圖 ......................................... 4 第 3 章 液壓基本回路以及控制閥 ......................................................................... 6 YA32─ 1000KN 四柱萬能液壓機液壓系統(tǒng)圖 ......................................... 6 YA32─ 1000KN 四柱萬能液壓機工作循環(huán) ............................................. 8 YA32─ 1000KN 四柱萬能液壓機工作循環(huán)如表 所示 .............................. 8 第 4 章 液壓缸的設(shè)計 ............................................................................................. 9 主缸的設(shè)計 ................................................................................................ 9 材料 ................................................................................................. 9 主缸內(nèi)徑的設(shè)計 ............................................................................. 9 缸筒壁厚 ? ................................................................................... 11 缸筒壁厚校核 ............................................................................... 11 缸筒的暴裂壓力 rP ...................................................................... 12 缸筒底部厚度 ............................