【正文】 第一篇：大學(xué)英語實用翻譯課后部分題（定稿）1英漢句式結(jié)構(gòu)差異主要表現(xiàn)在哪些方面“漢語被認(rèn)為是一種“意合”的語言。不受嚴(yán)格的語法約束，也沒有固定的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，其表達(dá)方式一般按時間順序或邏輯順序，先發(fā)生的事先說，后發(fā)生的是后講，先因后果，先假設(shè)，后結(jié)果，先條件后結(jié)論。英語是一種形合語言，英語句子嚴(yán)格遵守語法規(guī)則，句中主謂賓定狀補井然有序，句子成分可以通過語法結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行層層分析。英語句子的特點漢語句子的特點主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)排列緊密結(jié)構(gòu)排列松散 定語有的前置，有的后置，句子較長。前置，句子較短。語段結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，流散鋪排，詞或詞組避免重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，多用代稱。常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，多用實稱2什么是語境,簡述語境與翻譯的關(guān)系；語言活動的環(huán)境，包括時間空間語言交際參與者及語言活動的目的等，在文章或言談中話題的上下文。（2）非語言環(huán)境，第三、翻譯與語境的關(guān)系，關(guān)系：語境是一切語言活動存在的前提，離開語境就沒有語言活動；就沒有一定的上下文，文字翻譯也就無從談起。英語詞義的褒貶不像漢語截然分明，同一個詞語有時候可能產(chǎn)生兩種截然不同的意義，需要根據(jù)不同的語境做出正確的判斷。詞干來辨析詞義，macrospacetransship=macro巨型的+space太空+trans轉(zhuǎn)運+ship船即 巨型空間轉(zhuǎn)運飛船b 根據(jù)上下文語境或詞語搭配確定詞義c 依據(jù)不同學(xué)科或?qū)I(yè)類型確定詞義4英漢詞字主要有哪幾種對應(yīng)關(guān)系：完全對應(yīng)，（專有名詞、技術(shù)詞匯）puter計算機，部分對應(yīng)storytelling說書，無對應(yīng)詞teenager13至19歲的青少年 5直譯：指的是在語言條件許可下，在譯文中不僅傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容，還盡可能完整地保留原文的修辭風(fēng)格及組句形式。意譯：是指原文的有些內(nèi)容與形式不宜用漢語直接表達(dá)，而是經(jīng)過解析后以另外的形式表達(dá)出來，也就是說更著重于意思的翻譯，而不拘泥于表面文字。6翻譯中為什么要進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換：。英漢兩種語言在語言特點和表達(dá)形式方面有著顯著的差異，往往不能照搬原文的詞類或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，需要根據(jù)漢語的表達(dá)需要，進(jìn)行詞類轉(zhuǎn)換7在實際翻譯中能做到與原文完全一致，不增不減？原作對于原文讀者來說很少有語言文化上的障礙，而譯文讀者確沒有這樣的便利，因此譯者往往需要把原文中隱含的一些東西增補清楚，以便讀者理解。8翻譯中為什么要進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)節(jié)：由于英漢不同的造句結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣，翻譯中有時需要打破原文句式結(jié)構(gòu)，對譯文進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)節(jié)以符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。9常見的英譯漢結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整重要有哪幾種a順序法b逆序法Tt is easy to see what weight can be overe and what thrust is necessary to maintain ，這很容易c時序法 d拆分法 they,not wnexperctedly,did not respond。他們沒有答復(fù)這完全是意料之中的事E重組法10英譯漢正反交替的手段：肯定譯否定Just make yourself at couldn’t agree more with is not unequal to the 。正反移位 I don’t think he will all minerals e from never been clear從來就模糊不清、否定轉(zhuǎn)移was not designed for不是為了…..而設(shè)計第二篇：大學(xué)英語翻譯課后題Unit One我們接到通知，財政部長將于次日接見我們。We are informed that the Minister of Finance will meet us the next ，他似乎不記得自己的生日。I felt odd that he didn’t seem to remember his own ，可是至今大部分學(xué)生卻幾無進(jìn)展。The term papers should be handed in next Tuesday at the latest, but most of the students have hardly made a ，校長心里很難受。The headmaster was pained when he noticed the number of the students was continuously being cut ，但支票變得普遍起來了，不久會代替現(xiàn)金作為人們結(jié)賬的一種方式。Normally, the payment is in cash in that country, but checks are being widespread gradually, and soon, it will take the place of cash as a way of settling ，這條河流的污染不是它造成的。The pany claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in the Two比爾已是個成熟的小伙子，不再依賴父母替他做主。Bill has been mature, so he does not depend on his parents to decide everything for him any ，但新鮮果蔬奇缺。In this area, there is a good supply of meat, but fresh fruit and vegetables are quite ，發(fā)明了一種新的生產(chǎn)方法，使生產(chǎn)率得以提高。Depending on the intelligence of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method to improve ，因此當(dāng)他獲知自己只得了個B時感到有點失望。He had spent much time preparing for the maths examination, and therefore, he felt somewhat disappointed when he learned he only got a grade 。We have ample time to have lunch ，以渡過糧食危機。The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food Three蕭伯納在他一個劇本的前言中提出這樣的看法：今天人們比在中世紀(jì)時更加迷信。Bernard Shaw put forward such an opinion in the preface to one of his plays that people are more superstitious today than they were in the Middle ，她只好獨自挑起撫養(yǎng)五個孩子的經(jīng)濟重?fù)?dān)。After her husband died, she had to shoulder the economic burden of bringing up five children 。One of the best ways to prove or refute a point is to cite examples from your own ，這話很可能會引起一場爭吵。Henry says Betty always exaggerates his statements might well cause a ，無論她告訴我什么，我都會相信。I trusted her so much that I would believe whatever she told ，父親一開頭就說，每月存點錢是絕對必要的，遇到緊急情況，我們可以依靠積蓄。When the whole family gathered to discuss economic problems, father started off by saying that it was absolutely necessary for us to save some money every month, so that we could fall back on it when we met with emergency situationsUnit Five我確信這項所謂明智的決定，與期望相反，會帶來極其嚴(yán)重的后果。I’m sure this socalled intelligent decision will bring about extremely grave consequences, which are contrary to what has been ，他曾欺騙你，但他已經(jīng)承認(rèn)自己做錯了，并道了歉。所以你不應(yīng)該老是以懷疑的態(tài)度對待他。Honestly, he once deceived you, but he already realized he was wrong and apologized for , you should not always treat him with 。He had taken his stand before the issue was debated ，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了種種形式的政治腐敗，并揭露了許多貪官污吏。In the course of investigation, they found various forms of political corruption and exposed many corrupt ：把真相告訴老板從而失信于她的同事，還是讓老板蒙在鼓里從而辜負(fù)他的信任。Mary’s dilemma was whether to tell the boss about the truth, to lose the credibility of her colleagues or to keep the boss in the dark to betray his ，是什么使你認(rèn)為這項規(guī)劃會促進(jìn)改革？其次，你怎么知道這些改革會讓全縣得到好處？In the first place, what make you think this programme will promote the reform? In the second place, how do you know these reforms will benefit the whole country?Unit Six那位衛(wèi)生部副部長一再強調(diào)把中西醫(yī)結(jié)合起來是多么重要。The vice minister of health has emphasized time and again how important it is to integrate traditional Chinese medicine with western ，使之保持新鮮與食品安全。很自然，許多人覺得在夏季還是不上飯店為好。In hot weather it is difficult to preserve foods, to keep them fresh and assure their , most people think they had better not go to the restaurant in ，對我們會有所裨益。It will do us good to underline the points emphasized by the author while ，警方終于弄清這起謀殺案和新近發(fā)生的越獄事件有關(guān)。After several days’ inquiry, the police made it clear, at last, that the murder tied up with the recent escape from ，首先因為這一計劃所需資金較少，其次，不會造成環(huán)境污染。I want to persuade them to adopt our the first place, it is because fewer funds will be needed in this the second place, it will not pollute the ，放在河里浸了浸，然后拿到菜場去賣。Father tied up celery with rope, dipped it into the river and then took them to the food market for sale.第三篇：英語翻譯第二章課后題參考答案Task 1 skin嬌嫩的皮膚 porcelain 精致的瓷器 living奢侈的生活 health虛弱的身體 s