【正文】 I 摘 要 本文在對(duì) 了解轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量理論與掌握單片機(jī)原理的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)硬件設(shè)計(jì)，提出系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì)方案，構(gòu)建軟件系統(tǒng)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)智能轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量與顯示的功能。 本設(shè)計(jì) 根據(jù)基于 STC89C52 單片機(jī)的 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量電路， 設(shè)計(jì) 出 一種以半導(dǎo)體激光二極管作為傳感器的激光測(cè)速儀 ， 可同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)采集、處理和顯示 。 并詳細(xì)敘述了測(cè)速原理、單片機(jī)系統(tǒng) 和測(cè)速誤差。 對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的軟件系統(tǒng)通過 編譯軟件 keil C51 μ Vision4 對(duì)其進(jìn)行程序調(diào)試。 最后，對(duì)構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)利用設(shè)計(jì)的電路進(jìn)行調(diào)試，對(duì)測(cè)量指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了分析、比較并提出改進(jìn)方案。 在設(shè)計(jì)中測(cè)量方法 采用 M 法進(jìn)行測(cè)量， 單片機(jī)采用 C語言編程 。 關(guān)鍵詞： 激光 ； 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量 ； 手持 ； 非接觸式 ； 單片機(jī) Abstract In this paper, the understanding of the theory and master of rotational speed measurement based on the principle of MCU, the system program design, to build software systems, piler, in order to achieve intelligent Rotational speed measurement and display functions. In this paper, according to the tachometric survey system based on the MCU of STC89C52, I designed the laser velocity meter which using laser diode as sensor. The velocity features realtime data acquisition, data processing and display functions. The principle of velocity measurement and them measurement error of the single chip puter are described. I set up them using the software of The Keil μVision4. At last, the builded system is setted up through circuit. The measured index were analysed and pared and the improved programmes were proposed. M method was adopt in the measuring and the language of C was adopt to puter. Key words: Laser, Rotational speed measurement, Handheld, Noncontact, MCU II 目錄 摘 要 ...............................................................................................................................I Abstract ...........................................................................................................................I 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................. 1 課題研究的目的及意義 .................................................................................. 1 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量在國(guó)內(nèi)的研究情況 .......................................................................... 1 主要內(nèi)容與問題 .............................................................................................. 2 研究的主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................................... 2 闡明的問題 ........................................................................................... 3 2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的方案 ........................................................................................................ 4 電源方案的選擇與論證 .................................................................................. 4 顯示方案的選擇與論證 .................................................................................. 5 傳感器方案的選擇和論證 .............................................................................. 6 3 基于單片機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量方法及原理 ........................................................................ 7 半導(dǎo)體激光二極管的工作原理和特點(diǎn) .......................................................... 7 半導(dǎo)體激光二極管的工作原理 ........................................................... 7 半導(dǎo)體激光二極管的常用參數(shù) ........................................................... 9 半導(dǎo)體激光二極管的特點(diǎn) ................................................................... 9 單片機(jī)測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)速的方法 ................................................................................ 10 轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量原理 ................................................................................................ 11 測(cè)周期法“ T 法” ............................................................................. 11 測(cè)頻率法“ M 法” ............................................................................ 12 測(cè)頻測(cè)周期法“ M/T 法” ................................................................ 13 4 智能轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................... 16 系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................................ 16 轉(zhuǎn)速信號(hào)發(fā)射與拾 取的結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................. 16 ................................................................................. 18 復(fù)位功能的實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................................................................. 19 III 硬件電路中主要部件的介紹 ....................................................................... 20 STC89C52 介紹 .................................................................................. 20 1602 液晶顯示屏介紹 ........................................................................ 21 5 智能轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................. 23 程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................ 23 工作方式及控制字設(shè)置 ..................................................................... 23 變量分配及程序的初始化 ................................................................. 25 顯示功能的實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................................................................. 25 液晶的顯示 ......................................................................................... 27 主程序流程 .................................................................................................... 28 開發(fā)平臺(tái)介紹 ................................................................................................ 29 keil C51 軟件集成開發(fā)環(huán)境 .............................................................. 29 單片機(jī)下載 ........................................................................................ 29 6 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................................... 31 主要研究結(jié)論 ................................................................................................ 31 研究展望 ........................................................................................................ 31 致 謝 ............................................................................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................... 32 附錄 1：原理圖