【正文】 I 摘 要 本文在對 了解轉(zhuǎn)速測量理論與掌握單片機原理的基礎上，根據(jù)硬件設計，提出系統(tǒng)程序設計方案，構(gòu)建軟件系統(tǒng)，以實現(xiàn)智能轉(zhuǎn)速測量與顯示的功能。 本設計 根據(jù)基于 STC89C52 單片機的 轉(zhuǎn)速測量電路， 設計 出 一種以半導體激光二極管作為傳感器的激光測速儀 ， 可同時實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的實時采集、處理和顯示 。 并詳細敘述了測速原理、單片機系統(tǒng) 和測速誤差。 對所設計的軟件系統(tǒng)通過 編譯軟件 keil C51 μ Vision4 對其進行程序調(diào)試。 最后，對構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)利用設計的電路進行調(diào)試，對測量指標進行了分析、比較并提出改進方案。 在設計中測量方法 采用 M 法進行測量， 單片機采用 C語言編程 。 關鍵詞： 激光 ； 轉(zhuǎn)速測量 ； 手持 ； 非接觸式 ； 單片機 Abstract In this paper, the understanding of the theory and master of rotational speed measurement based on the principle of MCU, the system program design, to build software systems, piler, in order to achieve intelligent Rotational speed measurement and display functions. In this paper, according to the tachometric survey system based on the MCU of STC89C52, I designed the laser velocity meter which using laser diode as sensor. The velocity features realtime data acquisition, data processing and display functions. The principle of velocity measurement and them measurement error of the single chip puter are described. I set up them using the software of The Keil μVision4. At last, the builded system is setted up through circuit. The measured index were analysed and pared and the improved programmes were proposed. M method was adopt in the measuring and the language of C was adopt to puter. Key words: Laser, Rotational speed measurement, Handheld, Noncontact, MCU II 目錄 摘 要 ...............................................................................................................................I Abstract ...........................................................................................................................I 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................. 1 課題研究的目的及意義 .................................................................................. 1 轉(zhuǎn)速測量在國內(nèi)的研究情況 .......................................................................... 1 主要內(nèi)容與問題 .............................................................................................. 2 研究的主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................................... 2 闡明的問題 ........................................................................................... 3 2 系統(tǒng)設計的方案 ........................................................................................................ 4 電源方案的選擇與論證 .................................................................................. 4 顯示方案的選擇與論證 .................................................................................. 5 傳感器方案的選擇和論證 .............................................................................. 6 3 基于單片機的轉(zhuǎn)速測量方法及原理 ........................................................................ 7 半導體激光二極管的工作原理和特點 .......................................................... 7 半導體激光二極管的工作原理 ........................................................... 7 半導體激光二極管的常用參數(shù) ........................................................... 9 半導體激光二極管的特點 ................................................................... 9 單片機測量轉(zhuǎn)速的方法 ................................................................................ 10 轉(zhuǎn)速測量原理 ................................................................................................ 11 測周期法“ T 法” ............................................................................. 11 測頻率法“ M 法” ............................................................................ 12 測頻測周期法“ M/T 法” ................................................................ 13 4 智能轉(zhuǎn)速測量系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................... 16 系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................................ 16 轉(zhuǎn)速信號發(fā)射與拾 取的結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................. 16 ................................................................................. 18 復位功能的實現(xiàn) ................................................................................. 19 III 硬件電路中主要部件的介紹 ....................................................................... 20 STC89C52 介紹 .................................................................................. 20 1602 液晶顯示屏介紹 ........................................................................ 21 5 智能轉(zhuǎn)速測量系統(tǒng)的軟件設計 .............................................................................. 23 程序設計 ........................................................................................................ 23 工作方式及控制字設置 ..................................................................... 23 變量分配及程序的初始化 ................................................................. 25 顯示功能的實現(xiàn) ................................................................................. 25 液晶的顯示 ......................................................................................... 27 主程序流程 .................................................................................................... 28 開發(fā)平臺介紹 ................................................................................................ 29 keil C51 軟件集成開發(fā)環(huán)境 .............................................................. 29 單片機下載 ........................................................................................ 29 6 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................................... 31 主要研究結(jié)論 ................................................................................................ 31 研究展望 ........................................................................................................ 31 致 謝 ............................................................................................錯誤 !未定義書簽。 參考文獻 ...................................................................................................................... 32 附錄 1：原理圖