【正文】 螺旋折流板式換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)【畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）】 好 編號(hào) 字 號(hào) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 題目 姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 班級(jí) 摘 要 折流板是提高換熱器工效的重要部件傳統(tǒng)換熱器中最普遍應(yīng)用的是弓形折流板由于存在阻流與壓降大有流動(dòng)滯死區(qū)易結(jié)垢?jìng)鳠岬钠骄鶞?差小振動(dòng)條件下易失效等缺陷近年來(lái)逐漸被螺旋折流板所取代理想的螺旋折流板應(yīng)具有連續(xù)的螺旋曲面由于加工困難目前所采用的折流板一般由若干個(gè) 14 的扇形平面板替代曲面相間連接形成近似的螺旋面在折流時(shí)流體處于近似螺旋流動(dòng)狀態(tài)相比于弓形折流板在相同工況下這樣的折流板被稱為非連續(xù)型螺旋折流板可減少壓降 45左右而總傳熱系數(shù)可提高 20～ 30 在相同熱負(fù)荷下可大大減小換熱器尺寸 換熱器是實(shí)現(xiàn)化工生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中熱量交換和傳遞不可缺少的設(shè)備在石油化工輕工制藥能源等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中有廣泛的應(yīng)用本換熱器是用于空氣壓縮機(jī)級(jí)間冷卻采用常溫冷卻水將壓縮后 的高溫空氣冷卻到一定溫度本次設(shè)計(jì)采用固定管板式換熱器換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)分為工藝設(shè)計(jì)和機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)部分在工藝設(shè)計(jì)部分根據(jù)給定的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)假設(shè)傳熱系數(shù)計(jì)算換熱器的換熱面積以及初步確定換熱器型號(hào)換熱管管程和殼程數(shù)折流板間距和數(shù)目以及內(nèi)徑等工藝尺寸然后進(jìn)行熱力核算和壓力降核算確定面積欲度和換熱器壓力降均在合理范圍之內(nèi)否則要重新設(shè)定傳熱系數(shù)重復(fù)上述過(guò)程直至通過(guò)核算機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)部分分為兩步第一步根據(jù)第一部分已設(shè)計(jì)出的工藝尺寸設(shè)計(jì)筒體管箱接管折流板以及各部分之間的連接等結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸第二步依據(jù) GB150GB151 的規(guī)定進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核其中主 要包括對(duì)管板殼體與換熱管進(jìn)行的強(qiáng)度校核校核通過(guò)后根據(jù)所設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)繪制圖紙通過(guò)復(fù)算與校核使所設(shè)計(jì)的換熱器能夠滿足生產(chǎn)工藝的要求 關(guān)鍵詞螺旋折流板 換熱器 工藝設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) 強(qiáng)度校核 ABSTRACT The baffle is to improve the ergonomics of the heat exchanger ponents Conventional heat exchanger is the most mon application of segmental baffle defects due to a choke and pressure drop flow hysteresis dead band easy to scale heat transfer the average temperature difference is small vibration conditions prone to failure in recent years to gradually spiral baffle replaced The ideal helical baffle shall have a continuous helical surfaces Currently used due to processing difficulties baffle generally replaced by the number of 14 of the fanshaped flat plate surface and white connection the formation of the helical surface approximation Baffle the fluid in the approximation of the spiral flow of state Compared to the segmental baffle in the same condition the baffle known as noncontinuous helical baffles can reduce the pressure drop of about 45 while the overall heat transfer coefficient can be increased by 20 to 30 in the same heat load can be greatly reduced heat exchanger size Heat exchanger is an indispensable equipment to transmission of heat exchange in the process of chemical production which is in a wide range of applications in petroleum chemical industry light industry pharmaceuticals energy and other industrial production This is a heat exchanger used for benzene – toluene separation process heats benzene toluene mixtures from room temperature to the bubble point temperature by water vapor shellandtube exchanger has being chosen Design is divided into two parts process design part and mechanical design part In process design first of all suppose a heat transfer coefficient according to given design parameters Then account the heat transfer area and determine variety of technology size such as Models of heat exchanger heat exchange tube number of tube side and shell side Spacing and number of traverse baffles and diameter size etc At last make heat check and pressure check on process data make sure that area degree and pressure drop are both in reasonable limits Otherwise it is necessary to reset the heat transfer coefficient repeat the process until the adoption of check Mechanical design part has two steps Step one is structural design determine structural sizes of the heat exchanger by process parameters such as the main body channel box adapter tube and tubesheet etc In step two according to the data determined by the abovementioned make strength check by prescript of GB150 and GB151 which is include tube plate shell and tubes After the strength check has passed blueprint can be drew By plex operator and check the heat exchanger design are meeting the requirement of production technology Keywords Helical Baffles Heat exchangerProcess design mechanical design Strength check 1 緒論 該設(shè)計(jì)為螺旋折流板式換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)該換熱器也是屬于列管式換熱器中的一種我們常見(jiàn)的列管式換熱器的折流板是弓形的而此設(shè)計(jì)的折流板則是螺旋式的這就是本次設(shè)計(jì)的獨(dú)特之處和難點(diǎn)所在 冷換設(shè)備在石油化工行業(yè)中占有十分關(guān)鍵的地位燕山石油化工公司煉油廠現(xiàn)在服役的換熱器大多采用的還是國(guó)外早期的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)換熱效率低阻力降大容易結(jié)垢停工檢修頻繁特別是煉油廠第三套常減壓蒸餾裝置渣油冷卻系統(tǒng)要求冷卻效果高原渣油冷卻器 L209123 為弓型折流板換熱器已不能滿足安全生產(chǎn)的需要因此該裝置對(duì) L2091 管束進(jìn)行了技術(shù)改造原渣油冷卻器采用弓型折流板換熱器其缺點(diǎn)為弓型折流板換熱器的能耗大弓型折流板殼程容易結(jié)垢降低換熱效率弓型折流板換熱器的運(yùn)行周期一般為 2 年致使檢修清洗頻繁裝置操作費(fèi)用增加渣油冷卻器 L2091 技術(shù)改造后采用螺旋折流板列管換熱器 有如下特點(diǎn)傳熱系數(shù)高殼程介質(zhì)不易沉積不易結(jié)垢一般可延長(zhǎng) 50 使用周期減少相應(yīng)的檢修清洗費(fèi)用殼程介質(zhì)呈連續(xù)平穩(wěn)的螺旋型流動(dòng)適合所有介質(zhì)阻力降小可以有效的降低壓力損失減少電耗可節(jié)省大量檢修改造費(fèi)用螺旋折流板列管換熱 器有很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益總之螺旋折流板列管換熱器在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用是成功的在煉油化工行業(yè)中大多可以采用有很好的推廣價(jià)值 11 本課題的來(lái)源目的意義 換熱器是石油化工制冷冶金及動(dòng)力等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的主要工藝設(shè)備之一有資料表明在我國(guó)全部換熱器產(chǎn)量中管殼式換熱器約占 80％12 螺旋折流板式換熱器國(guó)內(nèi)外研究綜述 渦旋或螺旋流動(dòng)一直是強(qiáng)化傳熱的有效手段從殼側(cè)流 體由縱向或蛇形橫向流動(dòng)方向改變?yōu)槁菪隣盍鲃?dòng)的角度產(chǎn)生了螺旋折流板換熱器的構(gòu)想但由于連續(xù)螺旋曲面的加工及安裝難度很大 20 世紀(jì) 八九十年代捷克科學(xué)家發(fā)明了非連續(xù)的 14螺旋形折流板換熱器采用一系列 14扇形折流平板來(lái)代替螺旋曲面此項(xiàng)技術(shù)后被美國(guó) AB 公司買斷后又轉(zhuǎn)讓給 CB I 公司據(jù) ABB Lum musHeat transfer 公司公布自 19942021 年 3 月 該公司共完成 349 個(gè)項(xiàng)目共計(jì) 1350 臺(tái) 套 螺旋折流板換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)和制造我國(guó)大慶石油化工機(jī)械廠等單位也參與了應(yīng)用 ABB 公司技術(shù)的部分制造和應(yīng)用實(shí)踐其他另有一 些單位則選擇自主開(kāi)發(fā)近幾年也得到了一些發(fā)展 工業(yè)化的螺旋折流板換熱器是上世紀(jì)九十年代初由前捷克斯洛伐克國(guó)家化工設(shè)備研究所科學(xué)家杰盧卡和杰尼姆肯斯基等人首次提出的其特點(diǎn)是殼程介質(zhì)的流動(dòng)呈螺旋線型方式折流板的基本形狀為扇形每塊折流板與殼體軸線形成一定的夾角相鄰的折流板在周邊首尾相接構(gòu)成一個(gè)沿外圓周連續(xù)的類似螺旋線從而起到改變殼程流體的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)達(dá)到提高傳熱效率的目的并相對(duì)降低了管束因振動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的損傷提高了換熱器的使用壽命應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明殼程采用螺旋折流板結(jié)構(gòu)較采用垂