甲苯冷卻器畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(已修改)
2024-12-20 09:40 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ??????大學(xué) 2021 屆學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 甲苯冷卻器的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院 專 業(yè) 研 究 方 向 學(xué) 生 姓 名 學(xué) 號(hào) 指導(dǎo)老師姓名 指導(dǎo)老師職稱 2021 年 03 月 25 日 I 甲苯冷卻器的設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要： 甲苯主要由原油經(jīng)石油化工過(guò)程而制得的。 作為溶劑，它能溶解油類、樹(shù)脂、天然橡膠、合成橡膠、煤焦油、瀝青等有機(jī)物。甲苯也是有機(jī)合成，特別是氯化苯酰和苯基、糖精、三硝基甲苯和許多染料等有機(jī)物合成的主要原料。它也是航空和汽車汽油的一種成分。甲苯具有揮發(fā)性，在環(huán)境中比較不易發(fā)生反應(yīng)。但甲苯屬于屬低毒類物質(zhì)，對(duì)人、環(huán)境都有一定的危害。因此甲苯要儲(chǔ)存在陰涼、通風(fēng)的庫(kù)房并且?guī)鞙夭灰顺^(guò) 30℃。遠(yuǎn)離火種、熱源，保持容器密封。 在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，對(duì)溫度較高的甲苯要進(jìn)行冷 卻，這就要涉及到熱量的交換。而要實(shí)現(xiàn)熱量的交換，則需采用一定的設(shè)備，即換熱器。換熱器作為工藝過(guò)程的單元設(shè)備，廣泛的應(yīng)用于石油、化工、動(dòng)力、輕工、機(jī)械、冶金、制藥等工程領(lǐng)域中。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在現(xiàn)代石油化工企業(yè)中，換熱器投資占裝置建設(shè)總投資的30%— 40%。傳熱過(guò)程中冷、熱流體熱交換可分為三種基本方式，每種方式所用換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)也不相同。本文首先介紹三種間壁式換熱器以及管殼式換熱器，然后討論換熱器傳熱過(guò)程的強(qiáng)化，最后重點(diǎn)以甲苯為原料，通過(guò)工藝結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸計(jì)算，換熱器核算等步驟，設(shè)計(jì)選擇合適型號(hào)的換熱器。 關(guān)鍵詞： 甲苯 ； 冷卻 ； 管殼式換熱器 II Design of cooling of toluene Abstract: Toluene is mainly posed of crude oil produced from the petrochemical processes. As a solvent, it can dissolve oils, resins, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, coal tar, asphalt and other anic pounds。 anic synthesis of toluene is also, in particular and phenyl benzoyl chloride, aspartame, TNT and many dyes and other main raw materials for anic synthesis. It is also a ponent of aviation and motor gasoline. Toluene is volatile, prone to reactions in the environment. But toluene is a lowtoxic substances, there is a hazard to people, the environment. Toluene to be stored in a cool and ventilated storehouse and temperature should not be more than 30 degrees centigrade. Depart from fire, heat, keep the container sealed. In industrial production, the toluene to be cooled to the temperature higher, this will involve heat exchanges. To achieve thermal Exchange, you will need to use a certain amount of equipment, namely heat exchangers. Units of heat exchanger as process equipment, widely used in petroleum, chemical, power, light industry, machinery, metallurgy, pharmaceutical and other fields of engineering. According to statistics, in modern petrochemical industry, heat exchanger investment accounted for 30% per cent of the total investment in the plant construction. Hot swap hot and cold fluids in the heat transfer process can be divided into three basic ways, each heat exchanger structure is not used by the same way. This article first describes the threewalled heat exchangers and shellandtube heat exchanger, then discuss the intensification of heat transfer in heat exchangers, finally focusing on using toluene as raw materials, through the process structure calculation, accounting steps of heat exchanger, designed to choose the appropriate type of heat exchanger. Key words: Toluene； Cooling； Shellandtube heat exchanger 目 錄 摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 1 前言 ……………………………………………………………………………… 1 甲苯的物理及化學(xué)性質(zhì) …………………………………………………… … 1 甲苯的生產(chǎn)方法 ……………………………………………………………… 1 甲苯操作儲(chǔ)存及用途 ………………………………………………………… 2 換熱器分類 …………………………………………………………………… 4 換熱器中流體流向 …………………………………………………………… 5 換熱器傳熱過(guò)程的強(qiáng)化 ……………………………………………………… 6 載熱體及其選擇 ……………………………………………………………… 7 換熱器清洗工藝 ……………………………………………………………… 8 冷卻器 ………………………………………………………………………… 9 2 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 ……………………………………………… ……………………… 11 設(shè)計(jì)目的 ……………………………………………………………………… 11 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) ……………………………………………………………………… 11 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容方案 ………………………………………………………………… 11 3 工藝計(jì)算及主要設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………… 12 估算傳熱面積 ………………………………………………………………… 12 基本物性數(shù)據(jù)查取 ………………………………………………………… 12 熱負(fù)荷 計(jì)算 ………………………………………………………………… 12 確定流體流徑 ……………………………………………………………… 13 計(jì)算平均溫度差 …………………………………………………………… 13 選取 K 值，估計(jì)傳熱面積 ………………………………………………… 13 工藝結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 ………………………………………………………………… 13 初選換熱器型號(hào) ……………………………………………………………… 15 換熱器
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