【正文】
本科畢業(yè) 設(shè)計(jì)( 論文 ) 玻璃搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)院(系): 工業(yè)工程系 專 業(yè): 機(jī)電 一體化093 班 學(xué)生 姓名: 指導(dǎo) 教師: 答辯 日期: 2021519 摘 要 機(jī)械手在先進(jìn)制造領(lǐng)域中扮演著極其重要的角色。它可以搬運(yùn)貨物、分揀物品、代替人的繁重勞動(dòng)??梢詫?shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化,能在有害環(huán)境下操作以保護(hù)人身安全,因此被廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械制造、冶金、電子、輕工和原子能等部門。 本文在縱觀了近年來機(jī)械手發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合機(jī)械手方面的設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)機(jī)械手技術(shù)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析,提出了用氣動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)和 PLC 控制的設(shè)計(jì)方案。采用整體化的設(shè)計(jì)思想,充分考慮了軟、硬件各自的特點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行互補(bǔ)優(yōu)化。對(duì)玻璃搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的整體結(jié)構(gòu)、執(zhí)行結(jié)構(gòu)、驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計(jì)。在其驅(qū)動(dòng) 系統(tǒng)中采用氣壓驅(qū)動(dòng),控制系統(tǒng)中選擇 PLC 的控制單元來完成系統(tǒng)功能的初始化、機(jī)械手的移動(dòng)、故障報(bào)警等功能。最后提出了一種簡單、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)、理論意義明確的控制策略。 通過以上部分的工作,得出了經(jīng)濟(jì)型、實(shí)用型、高可靠型玻璃搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的設(shè)計(jì)方案,對(duì)其他經(jīng)濟(jì)型 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)也有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 機(jī)械手;氣動(dòng)控制;可編程控制器( PLC); 自動(dòng)化控制 Abstract Manipulator plays an extremely important role in the field of advanced manufacturing. It can carry goods, sort materials and do heavy works instead of the human being. It also can realize mechanization and automation of the production, do the jobs in harmful environment to protect the personal safety. So it is widely used in metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, electronics, light industry and atomic energy etc. In this paper,by reviewing the developmental status of the manipulator in recent years, bining the design of manipulator and systematic analyzing technology of the manipulator, We proposed the design scheme that the manipulator was driven by the pneumatic and the system was controlled by PLC. Integrative idea was adopted in this design to fully consider the characteristics of the software and hardware and plementary optimization. We analyzed and designed the overall structure, the implementation of structural, driving system and control system of the manipulator. We used pneumaticdriven in the driving system, PLC control unit in the control system to plete initialization of the system, manipulator39。s moving, failure alarm and so on. Finally we put forward a control strategy which is simple, easy to realize, and clear theoretical significance. Through the work above, a practical, economical, highreliability sorting material manipulator was designed, which also had certain reference value for the other types of economical PLC control system design. Key words: Manipulator ; Pneumaticdriven; Programmable logic controller。 Automatic control 目錄 第 1 章 緒論 .........................................................................................................1 研究的目的及意義 .................................................................................1 機(jī)械手在國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ..........................................................1 主要研究的內(nèi)容 ......................................................................................2 玻璃搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的分析與選擇 玻璃搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的分析與選擇 玻璃搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 解決的關(guān)鍵問題 .....................................................................................3 第 2 章 執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的分析與選擇 ..........................................................................4 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)坐標(biāo)形式的選擇 ......................................................................4 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的組成 ......................................................................................6 驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 控制系統(tǒng) 位置檢測(cè)裝置 第 3 章 機(jī)械手的整體設(shè)計(jì)方案 機(jī)械手的左邊形式和自由度 機(jī)械手的手部結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)械手的手腕結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)械手的手臂結(jié)構(gòu)方案設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)械手的驅(qū)動(dòng)方案設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)械手的控制方案設(shè)計(jì) 機(jī)械手的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)各部分的分析與選擇 手部的選擇與計(jì)算 手部的選擇 真空吸盤的計(jì)算 腕部的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 腕部設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求 腕部的結(jié)構(gòu)以及選擇 腕部的驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩計(jì)算 腕部的驅(qū)動(dòng)力的計(jì)算 液壓缸蓋螺釘?shù)挠?jì)算 動(dòng)片和輸出軸間的連接螺釘 臂部的合計(jì)及有關(guān)計(jì)算 臂部設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求 手臂的典型機(jī)構(gòu)以及結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 手臂伸縮液壓缸的尺寸設(shè)計(jì)與校核 導(dǎo)向裝置 平衡裝置 手臂摩擦力的分析與計(jì)算 手臂慣性力的計(jì)算 密封裝置的摩擦阻力 液壓缸工作壓力和結(jié)構(gòu)的確定 機(jī)身的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 機(jī)身的整體設(shè)計(jì) 手臂升降液壓缸的尺寸設(shè)計(jì)與校核 機(jī)身回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 回轉(zhuǎn)缸驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩的計(jì)算 回轉(zhuǎn)缸尺寸的初步確定 機(jī)身升降機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)算 臂偏重力矩的計(jì)算 升降不自鎖條件的分析計(jì)算 手臂做升降運(yùn)動(dòng)的液壓缸驅(qū)動(dòng)力的計(jì)算 軸承的選擇分析 設(shè)計(jì)液壓系統(tǒng)圖 液壓回路的工作原理 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)各部分的分析與選擇 ...............................................................6 手部的選擇及計(jì)算 ......................................................................6 手臂結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 ..........................................................................7 縱向直動(dòng)氣缸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與校核 ...............................................8 橫向氣缸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與校 核 ..................................................... 14 機(jī)身回轉(zhuǎn)力矩的計(jì)算 ................................................................ 17 回轉(zhuǎn)液壓缸所驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩計(jì)算 ..................................................... 18 氣壓缸蓋螺釘?shù)挠?jì)算 ................................................................ 19 靜片和輸出軸間的連接螺釘 ..................................................... 20 矩形導(dǎo)軌的彎曲強(qiáng)度及撓度的校核 ......................................... 21 機(jī)座結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇 ....................................................................... 22 機(jī)身部位軸承選擇與校核 ........................................................ 23 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理 ........................................................................... 23 第 3 章 驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的分析與選擇 ........................................................................ 24 驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的分析與選擇 ....................................................................... 24 機(jī)械手驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的控制設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................... 25 氣動(dòng)元件選取及工作原理 ................................................................... 26 氣源裝置 .................................................................................... 26 執(zhí)行元件 .................................................................................... 27 控制元件 .................................................................................... 28 輔助元件 .................................................................................... 29 真空發(fā)生器