【正文】 沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） I 摘 要 本文所討論的是雙閉環(huán)三相異步電動機的串級調(diào)速的基本原理與實現(xiàn)方法。對于一般交流電動機的調(diào)速，我們都是從電動機的定子側(cè)引入控制變量（改變定子供電電壓、頻率）來實現(xiàn)的，這對于轉(zhuǎn)子處于短路狀態(tài)的交流鼠籠型轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動機是唯 一途徑。但是，對于繞線式異步電動機來說，由于改變其轉(zhuǎn)子繞組控制變量以實現(xiàn)調(diào)速，轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)的控制變量有電流、電動勢、電阻等。通常轉(zhuǎn)子電流隨負(fù)載的大小決定，不能任意調(diào)節(jié)；而轉(zhuǎn)子回路阻抗的調(diào)節(jié)屬于耗能型調(diào)速，缺點較多，所以轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)的控制變量只能是電動勢，這也是本文所要討論的重點之一。在發(fā)揮繞線式 異步電動機轉(zhuǎn)子的可控性優(yōu)勢的基礎(chǔ)上，提高調(diào)速性能需要從兩方面著手： 1 從節(jié)能角度考慮，應(yīng)將損耗在轉(zhuǎn)子附加電阻上的能量吸收，轉(zhuǎn)化成別的有用的能量或反饋到電網(wǎng)，以提高傳動系統(tǒng)的效率 。 2 從高性能調(diào)速要求考慮，應(yīng)用控制理論，將其組成閉環(huán)調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)，滿足調(diào)速精度、動態(tài)響應(yīng)等指標(biāo)的要求。 綜合所述，利用串級調(diào)速系統(tǒng)，就是使繞線式異步電動機實現(xiàn)高性能調(diào)速的有效辦法。用轉(zhuǎn)子串反電動勢來代替電阻，吸收轉(zhuǎn)差功率；用雙閉環(huán)控制提高系統(tǒng)的靜、動態(tài)性能。把這種用附加電動勢的方法將轉(zhuǎn)差功率回收利用的調(diào)速稱為雙閉環(huán)串級調(diào)速。這是本文 所必須討論的，也是本文的核心所在。 關(guān)鍵字 ：雙閉環(huán) 、串級 、調(diào)速 沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） II Abstract This paper discusses the mechanisms and implementation details of concatenation control in a three phase asynchronous motor with double closed loop. To control speeds for a typical alternating current motor, we usually take control variables (to change voltage and frequency of the stator power supply) from the stator side in an electric motor, which is also the only way for squirrelcage asynchronous motor with rotor in a shortcircuit state. However, with wound rotor series, asynchronous motors can adjust speeds through control variables, which include electric current, electromotive force and resistance, etc. on the rotor side. Typically, the rotor current is determined by the load and cannot be adjusted freely. In contrast, adjusting rotor’s return circuit impedance tends to consume more power along with other disadvantages. Therefore, electromotive force should be the only control variable on the rotor side, which is also one of the major points discussed in this paper. In order to increase speed control, we need to take the following two measures while fully utilizing the adjustable nature of rotors in serieswound asynchronous motor: 1. In order to save energy, power wasted on rotor’s additional resistance should be absorbed and converted into other forms of usable energy or sent back to electric grid to increase the efficiency of transmission systems. 2. Considering high control ability and the applied control theory, it should be formed into a closedloop control system in order to meet the requirements of such criteria as control accuracy and dynamic response . In summary, concatenation control system is one effective means to realize high control ability in serieswound asynchronous motors. Specifically, it is used to replace resistance with rotor’s electromotive force and absorb slip power。 and to enhance the static and dynamic capabilities of the system using double closed loop. We refer to this method of utilizing additional electromotive force to recycle slip power as concatenation control with double close loop, which is also the focus of this paper. Keywords: doubleloop, cascade, governor 沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） III 目 錄 引 言 ................................................................................................................................... 1 ................................................................................................................ 3 異步電動機轉(zhuǎn)子附加電動勢時的工作情況 .......................................................... 3 串級調(diào)速的功率傳遞關(guān)系 ...................................................................................... 4 串級調(diào)速系統(tǒng)及其附加電動勢的獲得 .................................................................. 5 ........................................................................................ 8 串級調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 .................................................................................................. 8 雙閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 ...................................................................................................... 9 實驗調(diào)試 ................................................................................................................ 10 .................................................................................................................. 12 三相異步電動機串級調(diào)速開環(huán)工作機械特 ........................................................ 12 三相異步電動機單閉環(huán) ASR 系統(tǒng)靜特性 .......................................................... 13 有靜差 .......................................................................................................... 13 無靜差 .......................................................................................................... 15 雙閉環(huán)串級調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)和動態(tài)特性 ............................................................ 16 雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速 系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)特性分析 .............................................................. 16 雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性分析 .............................................................. 17 測量直流測速發(fā)電機的工作特性 ........................................................................ 20 調(diào)速系統(tǒng)電路圖 .......................................................................................... 23 畢設(shè)總結(jié) ............................................................................................................................. 24 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................................. 25 附錄一 雙閉環(huán)串級調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的各個模塊的工作原理及功能介紹 ............................... 26 附錄二 雙閉環(huán)串級調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)整定 ....................................................................... 35 附錄三 元器件的使用清單 ............................................................................................... 37 沈陽航空工業(yè)學(xué)院北方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 1 引 言 電力傳動自動控制系統(tǒng)是把電能轉(zhuǎn)換成機械能的裝置。它廣泛應(yīng)用在精密設(shè)備和精密機構(gòu)、加工和再加工機器以及運輸工具中，也 廣泛應(yīng)用在原材料工業(yè)以及其他工業(yè)部門的傳送、預(yù)選、一般生產(chǎn)裝置和輔助裝置等凡是需要動力的場合中。目前，單個設(shè)備的功率可從幾毫瓦到幾百兆瓦，轉(zhuǎn)速從每小時幾轉(zhuǎn)到每分鐘幾十萬轉(zhuǎn)，調(diào)速范圍在無變速機構(gòu)情況下可達(dá) 1： 10000。在生產(chǎn)的總電能中，大約有 2/3 用在電力傳動上。 電力自動控制系統(tǒng)的特征是，他可以完成能量變換和控制所需要的信息處理 。因此，采用自動傳動方法，一方面可以把人們從繁重的體力勞動中解放出來，另一方面也可以把人們 從信息處理的工作中解脫出來。這樣，總的來看，其結(jié)果就是改善人們在生產(chǎn)過程中的工作條件，并且 大幅度提高全社會生產(chǎn)和再生產(chǎn)的效率，電力傳動自動控制系統(tǒng)是提高勞動生產(chǎn)率的合理手段和促使國民經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷增長的重要因素。因而，正確采用電力傳動控制系統(tǒng)并使之進(jìn)一步向前發(fā)展，對我國的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展具有十分重要和特別現(xiàn)實的意義。 電力傳動技術(shù)主 要有直流和交流兩種，由于直流電機存在機械換向問題，其最大供電電壓受到