【正文】 東華理工大學(xué)長江學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文 ） 題 目： 直流電機(jī)調(diào)速控制在汽車工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用 英文題 目 ： The Application Of The DC Electrical Modulate In The Motor Industry 二零零九年 六 月 東華理工大學(xué)長江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 摘要 摘 要 本設(shè)計(jì)采 用 AT89C51 單片機(jī)作為小汽車的檢測和控制核心 ，結(jié)合直流電機(jī) PWM調(diào)速原理制成的數(shù)字直流 PWM 調(diào)速控制器 。 論文主要介紹了基于單片機(jī)用 PWM 實(shí)現(xiàn)直流電機(jī)調(diào)速的基本方法，直流電機(jī)調(diào)速的相關(guān)知識，及 PWM 調(diào)整的基本 原理和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。 并詳細(xì)介紹該控制器的硬件組成、 PWM 直流調(diào)速功能 。路面黑線檢測使用反射式光電傳感器， 采用 單片機(jī)軟件產(chǎn)生 PWM 信號 控制電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速 、 H 型驅(qū)動電路控制電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)向，實(shí)現(xiàn)電動小汽車的正反向行駛、快慢速行駛 ，利用與 MAX7219 連接的 LED 來顯示時(shí)間和總的路程 。 采用單片機(jī)控制取代了以往的模擬控制，無零點(diǎn)漂移，使控制精度更高，而且方便系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)和升級，靈活性和適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng) 。 關(guān)鍵 詞 ： 直流電機(jī) 調(diào)速 ； 脈寬調(diào)制； AT89C51 單片機(jī) ； LED 顯示 東華理工大學(xué)長江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In the system, we have designed and made a much more plete control system of dolly,s auto trip which is based on a single chip AT89C51, the single puter is the centercontrolling unit, This paper introduces a kind of method Of DCmotor speed modification based on PWM theory by the SCM. Showing some relative knowledge upon the DCmotor timing， the basic theory and the way to implement. This paper still provides a method for modifying the speed of DCmotor by way of time by numerical direct current PWM which bines direct current electrical engineering PWM to adjust soon principle to make into adjusts soon controller and the hardware which introduces that controller in detail constitute and the PWM direct current adjust soon function. The relay controls the machine’s positive and negative trun, and Using PWM direct current machine and the Hshape bridge circuit to adjust the speed and orientation of the automobile. The LED with the MAX7219 is used to display the time and the total distance. The former simulated control was replaced by Single Chip Micyoco control， which not only made the control precision higher without zero shift， but also facilitated the systematic improvement and upgrading， with flexibility and adaptability enhenced . Key words: DC motor speed regulating； sports in primary and middle schools； AT89C51 chip microp rocessor； LED Display 東華理工大學(xué)長江學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目錄 目 錄 前 言 ................................................................................................................................... 1 課題研究的意義、國內(nèi)外有關(guān)課題的研究動態(tài)和自己的見解 ........................ 2 研究的意義 .................................................................................................. 2 國內(nèi)外有關(guān)課題的研究動態(tài) ...................................................................... 2 課題研究的主要內(nèi)容、擬解決的關(guān)鍵性問題和預(yù)期的成果 ............................ 2 課題的主要內(nèi)容 .......................................................................................... 2 擬解決的關(guān)鍵性問題 .................................................................................. 2 預(yù)期的成果 ................................................................................................. 3 2 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................. 4 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)和要求 ........................................................................................... 4 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) ...................................................................................................... 4 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ..................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)分析和總體設(shè)計(jì)思路 .................................................................................... 5 系統(tǒng)分析 ..................................................................................................... 5 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)思路 ...................................................................................... 5 系統(tǒng)組成框圖 ........................................................................................................ 5 3 系統(tǒng)方案的設(shè)計(jì)與論證 ................................................................................................. 7 電動機(jī)驅(qū)動方案的選擇 ........................................................................................ 7 信號檢測方案的選擇 ........................................................................................... 7 顯示模塊方案的選擇 ........................................................................................... 8 電源模塊的選擇 .................................................................................................... 8 4 系統(tǒng) CPU 的選擇 ......................................................................................................... 10 單片機(jī)開發(fā)系統(tǒng)的介紹 ...................................................................................... 10 單片機(jī) AT89C51 的選擇 .................................................................................... 11 概述 ............................................................................................................ 11 主要功能特性 ........................................................................................... 11 AT89C51 單片機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................... 12 AT89C51 單片機(jī)最小系 ........................................................................... 13 AT89C51 的時(shí)鐘電路 ............................................................................... 14 AT89C51 的復(fù)位電路 ............................................................................... 15 5 系統(tǒng)硬件電路的模塊設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................... 17 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊 ...................................................................................................... 17 電機(jī)調(diào)速控制模塊 .............................................................................................. 18 PWM 調(diào)速原理分析 .......................................................