【正文】 摘要 I 摘 要 鉛酸蓄電池組是許多 交通工具的動(dòng)力源或應(yīng)急電源，因此電池組的性能將直接關(guān)系到交通工具 的正常運(yùn)行。為了提高蓄電池的使用壽命，保證其可靠運(yùn)行，需要經(jīng)常對(duì)蓄電池參數(shù)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格測(cè)量，以確保蓄電池組處于最佳的工作狀況。以往，蓄電池參數(shù)的測(cè)量都是人工完成的。人工測(cè)量速度慢，測(cè)量精度不高，而且有害氣體影響人體健康。為減少工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，保障測(cè)量人員身體健康，提高測(cè)量速度和測(cè)量精度，對(duì)蓄 電 池參數(shù)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)測(cè)量顯得尤為重要。 由于受環(huán)境限制，要求系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)小而且實(shí)用，方便對(duì)單一電池進(jìn)行維修和日常的維護(hù) ，因此 本 次設(shè)計(jì)的是檢測(cè)一路 蓄電池端電壓 的 系統(tǒng) 。 監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)是以 AT89C51單片機(jī)為核心，其 工作性能優(yōu)良，使用靈活、 功耗低 ，是一個(gè)性價(jià)比較高的芯片。 數(shù)據(jù)采集 完成后選用ADC0809 進(jìn)行電壓信號(hào)的模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換， 測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)在 LCD1602 上 顯示，通過(guò) MAX232 電平轉(zhuǎn)換電路將測(cè)得的電壓數(shù)據(jù) 傳 到 PC機(jī) 上 顯示、 存儲(chǔ) 。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)；鉛酸蓄電池；智能檢測(cè)； 顯示；通訊 Abstract II Abstract The leadacid storage battery group is the drive power supply or contingency power supply for many traffic tools． So the performance of the storage battery group is directly related to the normal running of traffic tools． It is necessary to measure batteries’ parameters accurately and frequently in order to enhance their lives， run them reliably and ensure the batteries in the optimal working states． In the past the testing of the storage batteries’ parameters was pleted artificially． However this method has many disadvantages． It’s slow to test batteries artificially， the measurement precision is low， and the surroundings of storage battery cabin are very harmful to people’s health． So it’s very important to design a device which can test batteries automatically． Because suffer environmental restrictions, request system, convenient and practical Jane small on a single battery for repair and routine maintenance of the design, so the battery voltage is the system test all the way. Monitoring system based on AT89C51, its work fine performance, use agile, low power consumption, is a high cost performance chip. Data collection after the pletion of the ADC0809 voltage signal selection in frequencyfield on LCD1602, measurement data display, through MAX232 level measured transform circuit will the voltage upload data PC puter display, storage. Key Words： Single— chip puter； Leadacid battery； Intellectual detection system；Display。 munication 目錄 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................... I Abstract.......................................................................................................................................II 1 緒論 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 鉛酸蓄電池的簡(jiǎn)單介紹 .............................................................................................. 1 鉛酸蓄電池檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介 .......................................................................................... 3 進(jìn)行鉛酸蓄電池研究的主要意義 .............................................................................. 3 2 硬件部分主要芯片簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................................................................ 5 單片機(jī) AT89C51 ........................................................................................................... 5 液晶顯示芯片 LCD1602 ............................................................................................... 8 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 ADC0809 ............................................................................................. 10 鎖存器擴(kuò)展并行輸出口 74LS373 ............................................................................. 12 電平轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 MAX232 ............................................................................................... 14 3 硬件部分設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................................... 16 硬件部分原理框圖 .................................................................................................... 16 最小系統(tǒng)電路 ............................................................................................................ 18 電壓測(cè)量電路 ............................................................................................................ 20 顯示電路 .................................................................................................................... 21 .................................................................................................................... 23 4 軟件部分設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................................... 25 系統(tǒng)總程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................ 25 電壓測(cè)量 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換程序設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 26 顯示程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................ 29 通訊程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................ 32 結(jié) 論 ........................................................................................................................................ 34 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................................ 35 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................................................................................. 36 附錄 1 蓄電池智能檢測(cè)原理圖設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................... 37 附錄 2 蓄 電池智能檢測(cè) PCB 圖設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................... 38 附錄 3 蓄電池智能檢測(cè)程序設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 39 河北工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 1 1 緒論 交通工具用 動(dòng)力蓄電池通常由多節(jié)單體電池串聯(lián)或者并聯(lián)構(gòu)成，一般串聯(lián)的單體電池?cái)?shù)可達(dá)到十至幾十個(gè)單體電池電壓一般是 12V，總電壓在 100V 以上，總?cè)萘吭?100Ah以上 。本文所闡述的蓄電池性能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上可以根據(jù)需要增加或減少被檢測(cè)電 池的數(shù)量，具有較高的靈活性 。 蓄電池種類很多，有鉛酸蓄電池、鉛酸膠體蓄電池、鎳氫電池、銼離子電池、鋅空氣電池和燃料電池等 。 目前常用的蓄電池主要是鉛酸蓄電池 ，它 分別為普通蓄電池、干荷蓄電池和免維護(hù)蓄電池。鉛酸蓄