【正文】 摘要 I 摘 要 鉛酸蓄電池組是許多 交通工具的動力源或應(yīng)急電源，因此電池組的性能將直接關(guān)系到交通工具 的正常運行。為了提高蓄電池的使用壽命，保證其可靠運行，需要經(jīng)常對蓄電池參數(shù)進行嚴格測量，以確保蓄電池組處于最佳的工作狀況。以往，蓄電池參數(shù)的測量都是人工完成的。人工測量速度慢，測量精度不高，而且有害氣體影響人體健康。為減少工人的勞動強度，保障測量人員身體健康，提高測量速度和測量精度，對蓄 電 池參數(shù)進行自動測量顯得尤為重要。 由于受環(huán)境限制，要求系統(tǒng)簡小而且實用，方便對單一電池進行維修和日常的維護 ，因此 本 次設(shè)計的是檢測一路 蓄電池端電壓 的 系統(tǒng) 。 監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)是以 AT89C51單片機為核心，其 工作性能優(yōu)良，使用靈活、 功耗低 ，是一個性價比較高的芯片。 數(shù)據(jù)采集 完成后選用ADC0809 進行電壓信號的模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換， 測量數(shù)據(jù)在 LCD1602 上 顯示，通過 MAX232 電平轉(zhuǎn)換電路將測得的電壓數(shù)據(jù) 傳 到 PC機 上 顯示、 存儲 。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：單片機；鉛酸蓄電池；智能檢測； 顯示；通訊 Abstract II Abstract The leadacid storage battery group is the drive power supply or contingency power supply for many traffic tools． So the performance of the storage battery group is directly related to the normal running of traffic tools． It is necessary to measure batteries’ parameters accurately and frequently in order to enhance their lives， run them reliably and ensure the batteries in the optimal working states． In the past the testing of the storage batteries’ parameters was pleted artificially． However this method has many disadvantages． It’s slow to test batteries artificially， the measurement precision is low， and the surroundings of storage battery cabin are very harmful to people’s health． So it’s very important to design a device which can test batteries automatically． Because suffer environmental restrictions, request system, convenient and practical Jane small on a single battery for repair and routine maintenance of the design, so the battery voltage is the system test all the way. Monitoring system based on AT89C51, its work fine performance, use agile, low power consumption, is a high cost performance chip. Data collection after the pletion of the ADC0809 voltage signal selection in frequencyfield on LCD1602, measurement data display, through MAX232 level measured transform circuit will the voltage upload data PC puter display, storage. Key Words： Single— chip puter； Leadacid battery； Intellectual detection system；Display。 munication 目錄 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................... I Abstract.......................................................................................................................................II 1 緒論 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 鉛酸蓄電池的簡單介紹 .............................................................................................. 1 鉛酸蓄電池檢測系統(tǒng)簡介 .......................................................................................... 3 進行鉛酸蓄電池研究的主要意義 .............................................................................. 3 2 硬件部分主要芯片簡介 ........................................................................................................ 5 單片機 AT89C51 ........................................................................................................... 5 液晶顯示芯片 LCD1602 ............................................................................................... 8 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 ADC0809 ............................................................................................. 10 鎖存器擴展并行輸出口 74LS373 ............................................................................. 12 電平轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 MAX232 ............................................................................................... 14 3 硬件部分設(shè)計 ...................................................................................................................... 16 硬件部分原理框圖 .................................................................................................... 16 最小系統(tǒng)電路 ............................................................................................................ 18 電壓測量電路 ............................................................................................................ 20 顯示電路 .................................................................................................................... 21 .................................................................................................................... 23 4 軟件部分設(shè)計 ...................................................................................................................... 25 系統(tǒng)總程序設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................ 25 電壓測量 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換程序設(shè)計 .................................................................................... 26 顯示程序設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................ 29 通訊程序設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................ 32 結(jié) 論 ........................................................................................................................................ 34 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................................ 35 參考文獻 .................................................................................................................................. 36 附錄 1 蓄電池智能檢測原理圖設(shè)計 ..................................................................................... 37 附錄 2 蓄 電池智能檢測 PCB 圖設(shè)計 ..................................................................................... 38 附錄 3 蓄電池智能檢測程序設(shè)計 ......................................................................................... 39 河北工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 1 1 緒論 交通工具用 動力蓄電池通常由多節(jié)單體電池串聯(lián)或者并聯(lián)構(gòu)成，一般串聯(lián)的單體電池數(shù)可達到十至幾十個單體電池電壓一般是 12V，總電壓在 100V 以上，總?cè)萘吭?100Ah以上 。本文所闡述的蓄電池性能檢測系統(tǒng)在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計上可以根據(jù)需要增加或減少被檢測電 池的數(shù)量，具有較高的靈活性 。 蓄電池種類很多，有鉛酸蓄電池、鉛酸膠體蓄電池、鎳氫電池、銼離子電池、鋅空氣電池和燃料電池等 。 目前常用的蓄電池主要是鉛酸蓄電池 ，它 分別為普通蓄電池、干荷蓄電池和免維護蓄電池。鉛酸蓄