【正文】 摘要 隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，居民用電量劇增。傳統(tǒng)的人工抄表收取電費(fèi)的方 式，已不能滿足現(xiàn)代化管理的要求，實(shí)現(xiàn)多用戶能耗儀表的自動(dòng)抄表已經(jīng)成為可 能，特別是建設(shè)部提出來(lái)的小康型住宅小區(qū)的規(guī)劃要求，并逐步實(shí)行能耗儀表出 戶的統(tǒng)一管理，實(shí)現(xiàn)微機(jī)自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、計(jì)量和收費(fèi)。本文針對(duì)目前居民小區(qū)的電能 計(jì)量中實(shí)際存在的各種問(wèn)題，設(shè)計(jì)了一種實(shí)用的遠(yuǎn)程自動(dòng)抄表系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)具有 成本低廉、計(jì)量準(zhǔn)確、工作穩(wěn)定可靠和系統(tǒng)安裝維護(hù)方便等特點(diǎn)。 本文對(duì)整個(gè)抄表系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了較為全面的設(shè)計(jì)，著重對(duì)系統(tǒng)底層的能耗數(shù)據(jù)的 采集和集 中、數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通信方式等做了較為詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)。在硬件上對(duì) CPU 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)及其監(jiān)控電路、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、時(shí)鐘電路、串口擴(kuò)展、電能采集 和顯示電路都做了詳細(xì)的論述。并且廣泛應(yīng)用的 RS485 電氣接口的串行通訊技 術(shù)作為通訊方式。在軟件上對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集、通信、顯示子程序、校驗(yàn)子程序等 做了詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明。同時(shí)，本文還對(duì)系統(tǒng)中的干擾問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的分析，并 在硬件和軟件上擔(dān)出了有效的抗干擾技術(shù)。 該遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了多用戶的電能信息的遠(yuǎn)程自動(dòng)抄錄，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)住宅能 耗計(jì)量的高質(zhì)量和高效率管理。 關(guān)鍵 詞 ： 遠(yuǎn)程抄表；數(shù)據(jù)通信； AT89C51； RS485 I 1 學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） Abstract Abstract With social and economic development electric power is used increasingly, Traditional charge of electric fare by manual labor can’t satisfy the demand for modern man management. Automatic meter reading system (AMRS) has a possibility to be put into reality. Especially for the welltodo uptown, the Construct Department of China has demanded to realize automatic meter reading, measuring and charging with puter. This article aims at the existing problems. Thus, I designed an automatic meter reading system of calorie. The strong point of this system is: lows cost, precise measuring, stable working, and easy to install and maintain. The article gives an allround design of this system. It expatiates on detail designs of data capturing and collecting, data munication work and mode. In this thesis, about the hardware, a particular explanation of the choice of CPU、 inspect circuit、 data memory etc were given. And it uses asynchronous serial munication technology based on RS485 electric interface as munication means. The software ,we give the program of impulse collection、 munication、 display and so on. At the same time, the noise questions existing in the analyzed and the effective antinoise methods on hardware and o software are presented. This Longdistance meter reading system realizes the multiuser power information remote automatic transcribing, can realize residential energy consumption of high quality and high efficiency metrology management. Keyword: Remote meter reading。 Datamunication。 AT89C51。 RS485 II 1 學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目錄 目錄 摘要 ........................................................................................................................................................................I Abstract....................................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ...............................................................................................................................................1 課題的提出和意義 ...................................................................................................................... 2 國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................................................... 2 課題可行性論證結(jié)論 ................................................................................................................. 2 本 文所要完成的主要工作 ...................................................................................................... 3 本章小結(jié) ........................................................................................................................................... 3 第 2 章 抄表系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................4 系統(tǒng)組成 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的選擇 ........................................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)總體方案確定 ...................................................................................................................... 5 本章小結(jié) ........................................................................................................................................... 6 第 3 章 抄表系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................7 抄表系統(tǒng)的整體結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................................. 7 抄表系統(tǒng)的各硬件模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................... 7 的選型 .......................................................................................................................... 7 外圍存儲(chǔ)及其監(jiān)控電路模塊 ............................................................................... 10 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸模塊 ............................................................................................................... 13 時(shí)鐘模塊 .......................................................................................................................... 15 串口擴(kuò)展 .......................................................................................................................... 17 電能的采集和計(jì) 數(shù)模塊 .......................................................................................... 19 顯示電路 .......................................................................................................................... 20 本章小結(jié) ........................................................................................................................................ 21 第 4 章 抄表系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................... 22 軟件設(shè)計(jì)的基本原則 .............................................................................................................. 22