【正文】 摘要 鋁合金因質(zhì)輕、美觀、良好的導(dǎo)熱性和易加工成復(fù)雜的形狀 ,而被廣泛地用于生產(chǎn)散熱器材。鋁合金散熱器型材主要有三種類型 :扁寬形 ,梳子形或魚刺形；圓形或橢圓形以及樹枝形。與其他鋁型材比，散熱器有其自身的特點(diǎn)：散熱片之間距離短 ,相鄰兩散熱片之間形成一個(gè)槽形 ,其深寬比很大；壁厚差大 ,散熱片的齒部很薄 ,而其根部的底板厚度大。散熱器復(fù)雜的截面形狀給模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造和生產(chǎn)帶來很大的難度。 本文以兩種常用散熱器為實(shí)例，在總結(jié)大量散熱器模具設(shè)計(jì)制造經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，論述了散熱片擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì)的步驟和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。散熱器型材擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì)既 要保證模具有足夠的強(qiáng)度又要平衡金屬在模具中的流速。根據(jù)散熱器的產(chǎn)品圖，將梳子型散熱器擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì)成平摸，與導(dǎo)流模配合使用。把太陽花散熱器擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì)成分假流模，以保證在擠壓時(shí)的金屬流動比平模更均勻，這也是太陽花散熱器模具設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。文中選用 4Cr5MoSiV1 模具鋼作為模具材料，討論了散熱器擠壓模具的熱處理工藝和散熱器的擠壓工藝特點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 散熱器 擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì) 擠壓工藝 鋁型材 II Extrusion Process and Die Design for Radiator Aluminum Extruded Sections ABSTRACT Aluminum alloy, for its light weight, beautiful, good thermal conductivity and easy processing into plex shapes,is widely used to produce cooling equipment. Aluminum radiator profiles are mainly three typesg: flat wide shape, or a fishboneshaped bshaped。 round or ovalshaped。and branching shape. Compared with the other aluminum extruded sections radiator has its own characteristics: the distance between the heat sink is short, between two adjacent heat sink to form a trough, and its large aspect ratio。 differential wall thickness, heat sink teeth thin, and its roots in the bottom thick. The mold design, manufacturing and production are very difficulty for the plexity of the shape of radiator extruded sections. In this paper, the extruded die design of two mon heat sink radiators are discussed in detail on the basis of a lot of experiences in mold design and manufacture for the radiator. Extruded die design has two key parts,the first is sufficient strength to ensure that mold。 the second is to balance the flow of metal in the mold. Based on the Product plans of radiators, the radiator b flat extrusion die are designed to touch, used in conjunction with the diversion mode. The extrusion die is designed radiator sunflowers streaming mode, split mode when the metal flow in the extrusion die is more plex than flat, so how to balance the flow rate of the metal mold is key points for the design of radiator sunflowers. 4Cr5MoSiV1 die steel is used and also the radiator heat treatment process and extruded process are discussed. III Keywords: Radiator Extrude mold design Extrusion process Aluminum extruded sections IV 目錄 摘要 ............................................................ I Extrusion Process and Die Design for Radiator Aluminum Extruded Sections ....................................................... II ABSTRACT ....................................................... II 第一章 緒論 .................................................... 1 引言 ...................................................... 1 擠壓模具在鋁型材擠壓生產(chǎn)中的重要性 ........................ 1 鋁型材擠壓模具技術(shù)發(fā)展概況 ................................ 3 論文的主要研究內(nèi)容 ........................................ 5 第二章 型材擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù) .................................... 6 型材模具的設(shè)計(jì)原則及步驟 .................................. 6 擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮的因素 ............................ 6 模具設(shè)計(jì)的原則與步驟 .................................. 6 模具設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)條件及基本要求 .......................... 9 擠壓模典型結(jié)構(gòu)要素的設(shè)計(jì) .................................. 9 模角 .................................................. 9 定徑帶長度和直徑 ..................................... 10 出口直徑或出口喇叭錐 ................................. 10 入口圓角 ............................................. 11 確定采用平面和分流模的原則 ............................... 11 平面分流組合模的特點(diǎn)與結(jié)構(gòu) ............................... 12 工作原理與特點(diǎn) ....................................... 12 分流組合模的結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................... 13 模具外形尺寸的確定原則 ................................... 14 第三章 典型散熱器擠壓模具設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 16 太陽花散熱器的模具設(shè)計(jì) ................................... 16 太陽花散熱器產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)分析 ............................. 16 太陽花散熱器擠壓模具整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................. 17 太陽花散熱器分流組合模結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ....................... 18 梳子型散熱器模具設(shè)計(jì) ..................................... 30 V 梳子型散熱器產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)分析 ............................. 30 梳子型散熱器擠壓模具整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................. 32 梳子型散熱器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 32 第四章 模具的選材與熱處理及維護(hù)與保養(yǎng) ......................... 45 模具材料的選擇 ........................................... 45 模具材料的使用條件 ................................... 45 模具材料的性能要求 ................................... 45 擠壓工模具選材的特點(diǎn) ................................. 46 模具材料的選擇 ....................................... 48 模具材料的熱處理 ......................................... 50 退火工藝 ............................................. 50 淬火工藝 ............................................. 50 回火工藝 ............................................. 51 4Cr5MoSiV1 鋼的熱處理工藝 ............................ 52 模具的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng) ......................................... 53 模具的修正 ........................................... 53 模具的合理使用 ....................................... 54 第五章 型材擠壓工藝 ........................................... 55 鋁及鋁合金材料擠壓生產(chǎn)工藝流程 ........................... 55 擠壓工藝的制定 ........................................... 56 擠壓方法的選擇 ....................................... 56 坯料形狀尺寸的確定 ................................... 56 擠壓溫度范 圍 ......................................... 57 流動速度和擠壓速度 ................................... 58 擠壓工具的結(jié)構(gòu) ....................................... 58 第六章 結(jié)論 ................................................. 59 參考文獻(xiàn) ....................................................... 60 致謝 ........................................................... 62 1 第一章 緒論 引言 擠壓工模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造是鋁合金擠壓材，特別是鋁合金型材生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，不僅影響產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)效率和交貨周期，而且也是決定產(chǎn)品成本的重要因素之一。隨著鋁合金擠壓材生產(chǎn)難度的增加和對產(chǎn) 品個(gè)性化性要求的提高，這種作用更加明顯。 2021 年，我國鋁合金擠壓材產(chǎn)銷量超過 660萬 t，工模具消耗達(dá) 80 萬套以上，價(jià)值高達(dá) 20億元以上，占擠壓加工成本的 25%～ 30%，大大制約了我國鋁合金擠壓工業(yè)的發(fā)展。目前，我國鋁合金擠壓工模具的平均使用壽命為 5～ 10t/模，一次上機(jī)合格率為 50%左右，大大落后于國際上 15～ 20t/模和一次上機(jī)合格率為 67%的先進(jìn)水平，大有潛力