【正文】 I 摘 要 隨著我國醫(yī)療事業(yè)的發(fā)展和計算機的普及與提高，計算機控制技術(shù)越來越多地應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)中，傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)療器械已經(jīng)不能滿足患者的需求了。在此推動下，醫(yī)療護理器械的開發(fā)勢頭迅猛，但由于各地經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的不平衡性以及諸多人為因素的影響，致使許多先進的醫(yī)護設(shè)備得不到應(yīng)用，給患者帶來了許多不便。為了克服這種困難，研制一套功能齊全、造價低廉的護理器械尤為重要，在這種背景下，計算機控制多功能病理床應(yīng)運而生了。 結(jié)合病人的需求，設(shè)計了一種能自動實現(xiàn)抬頭、屈腿、左右側(cè)翻以及同時實現(xiàn)抬頭和屈腿等功能的醫(yī)用多功能病理床?？紤]到該病 理床要實現(xiàn)各項功能，特將床板分割成八個部分。驅(qū)動方式上采用液壓驅(qū)動方式，之所以選用液壓系統(tǒng)，是因為其運動速度平穩(wěn)，實用性強。每個動作實現(xiàn)都是由兩個液壓缸同時直接驅(qū)動，上升和下降則通過改變換向閥方向來實現(xiàn)。整個設(shè)計分為三步進行：首先設(shè)計出能實現(xiàn)動作要求的液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖，根據(jù)要求選擇各標準件；其次，進行液壓缸體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及材料的選擇；最后，做液壓站的總體設(shè)計。 關(guān)鍵詞： 液壓系統(tǒng)；液壓驅(qū)動；病理床 II Abstract With the development of medical treatment and the improvement of puters, puter control technique is more and more applied to all kinds of industries, which results the sufferers don’t satisfy traditional medical instruments. Under the impulse of this, the research of medical instruments greatly engages people39。s attention. But because of the unbalance of regional economic progress and a great deal of factitious factor, many advanced medical instrument are not suitably used, which brings a lot of inconveniences. In order to overe difficulties, it is more important to study a suit of medical instrument that is multifunctional and cheap, so multifunctional pathological bed controlled by puter es into being. A kind of multifunction turnover bed for patients is introduced in this paper, which has the functions of raising head, curling legs, side turning over from left to right separately, or raising head and curling legs at the same time according to patient’s requirement. The bed is posed of 8 parts and hydraulic drive is adopted. We make use of the hydraulic system because hydraulic system’s velocity is stable. Each movement is directly driven by both hydraulic cylinders. Raising and falling of the bed is realized by means of diverting valves. The design is making up of three steps .The first。 we design the hydraulic system principle picture and choose the hydraulic stand ponents. The second, we design the hydraulic cylinder’s construction and their materials. The last, we design the hydraulic station and its arrangement. Keywords Hydraulic System 。The Hydraulic Pressure。 The Pathologic Bed。 III 目 錄 摘要 …… ............................................................................................................... I Abstract ...............................................................................................................II 第 1章 緒論 ........................................................................................................ 1 液壓系統(tǒng)綜述 ........................................................................................... 1 病理床國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................... 2 課題研究的意義和目的 ........................................................................... 2 第 2章 病理床液壓伺服系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 ................................................................ 4 設(shè)計要求 ................................................................................................... 4 病理床液壓執(zhí)行元件載荷力計算 ........................................................... 4 進行工作情況分析 ............................................................................ 4 頭部運動時的負載情況 .................................................................... 5 膝部彎曲時的負載情況 .................................................................... 6 軀干運動時的負載情況 .................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)方案制定 ........................................................................................... 8 執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的選擇 ................................................................................ 8 調(diào)速回路的選擇 ................................................................................ 8 換向回路的選擇 ................................................................................ 8 液壓源的選擇 .................................................................................... 8 動作順序 ................................................................................................... 8 病理床液壓系統(tǒng)主 要參數(shù)計算 ............................................................. 10 各液壓缸的載荷力計算 .................................................................. 10 初選液壓缸工作壓力及液壓缸回油腔背壓力 .............................. 11 液壓缸主要參數(shù)的確定 .................................................................. 11 液壓缸實際工作壓力的確定 .......................................................... 15 液壓缸實際所需的流量 .................................................................. 15 液壓缸的輸出功率 .......................................................................... 15 液壓元件的選擇 ..................................................................................... 16 液壓泵的選擇 .................................................................................. 16 IV 電動機功率的確定 .......................................................................... 17 液壓閥的選擇 .................................................................................. 18 管道尺寸的確定 .............................................................................. 19 油箱有效容積的確定 ...................................................................... 19 液壓油的選定 .................................................................................. 20 病理床液壓系統(tǒng)性能驗算 ..................................................................... 20 液壓系統(tǒng)壓力損失 .......................................................................... 20 系統(tǒng)溫升驗算 .................................................................................. 22 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................. 23 第 3章 病理床所用液壓缸基本尺寸的設(shè)計 .................................................. 24 液壓缸主要尺寸的確定 ......................................................................... 24 液壓缸內(nèi)徑及活塞桿直徑的確定 .....................................