【正文】
河 南 工 業(yè) 職 業(yè) 技 術(shù) 學 院 Henan Polytechnic institute 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文) 題目: 溫度采集器 班級: 生產(chǎn)過程自動化 0901 姓名: 指導(dǎo)老師: 河南工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 I 摘 要 溫度是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中的一個 重 要參數(shù) , 在生產(chǎn)過程中常需對溫度進行檢測和監(jiān)控 , 特別是在電力 、 化工等大型自動化企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)過程中往往需要監(jiān)視和測量幾十個溫度參數(shù) 。 在某些特殊的生產(chǎn)場合 (比如印染和煉油 ), 溫度參數(shù)測量和控制的精度直接影響后續(xù)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量 。 本文介紹一種基于 RS485 現(xiàn)場總線的溫度采集模塊的設(shè)計方法。 熱電阻隨溫度的變化而產(chǎn)生不同的電阻信號,電阻信號經(jīng)過恒定電流變成模擬電壓信號,單 片機內(nèi)部多路模擬開關(guān)電路對模擬信號進行采集, A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 對采集到的信號進行模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換,把轉(zhuǎn)換得到的數(shù)字信號按照順序分別送入單片機,單片機通過 RS485 現(xiàn)場總線實現(xiàn)與 PC 機的掛接。 由于電阻值與溫度值之間是非線性關(guān)系,為了提高測量精度克服非線性誤差,減少分度表的存儲量,采用二次插值算法計算溫度數(shù)值, 使測溫分辨率達到了 ℃,測溫精度優(yōu)于 ℃。單片機通過現(xiàn)場總線能夠把溫度值以 MODBUS 協(xié)議的形式發(fā)送給 PC 機,實現(xiàn)了工控計算機的現(xiàn)場總線集中管理。 關(guān)鍵詞:溫度采集; PT100熱敏電阻; RS485 總線 基于現(xiàn)場總線的溫度采集器的設(shè)計 II Abstract Temperature is the process of modern industrial production as an important parameter, in the production process often required to detect and monitor the temperature, especially in the electricity, chemical industry and other large enterprises, automation of production processes often require dozens of monitoring and measuring the temperature parameters. Production in some special occasions (such as printing and dyeing and refining), temperature measurement and control parameters directly affect the accuracy of followup to the quality of the product. In this paper, based on the temperature RS485 fieldbus module design method of collection. Thermal resistance with temperature changes in the resistance of different signals, resistance constant current signal into the analog voltage signal, singlechip multichannel analog switches internal circuitry of the analog signal acquisition, A / D converter module of the signal collected analogtodigital conversion, to convert digital signals received, respectively, in accordance with the sequence into singlechip, singlechip RS485 fieldbus through with PCarticulated. As the resistance value and temperature is nonlinear relationship between, in order to improve the measurement accuracy to overe the nonlinear error, reducing the index storage table, the use of quadratic interpolation algorithm for calculating the temperature value, so that the temperature resolution of ℃ , temperature measurement accuracy of better than ℃ . Singlechip microputer through fieldbus temperature in order to be able to MODBUS agreement sent to the PC, the realization of the Industrial Fieldbus puter for centralized management. Key words: Temperature acquisition。 PT100 Thermistor。 RS485 bus 河南工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 III 目 錄 摘 要 I Abstract II 第 1 章 緒論 1 設(shè)計的背景及意義 1 溫度采集技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 2 第 2 章 設(shè)計方案選擇與論證 4 設(shè)計要求及技術(shù)指標 4 系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計 4 溫度傳感器的選擇 5 熱電阻溫度傳感器 5 集成電路 (IC) 溫度傳感器 5 通信接口的選擇 6 RS232 雙機通訊接口 6 RS422 串行通訊接口 6 RS485 串行通訊接口 6 單片機的選擇 7 第 3 章 硬件設(shè)計