【正文】 I 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組變槳 矩 控制系統(tǒng)的研究 摘要 由于石油資源的日益枯竭和人類對(duì)全球環(huán)境惡化的倍加關(guān)注，風(fēng)能作為可再生綠色能源以其突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)成為全世界普遍重視的能源。風(fēng)能開發(fā)的重要性已無可爭(zhēng)辯，風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)也隨之得到迅猛發(fā)展。風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)是涉及空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)、機(jī)械、電機(jī)學(xué)和自動(dòng)控制理論等綜合性的學(xué)科。而進(jìn)行大規(guī)模風(fēng)能開發(fā)首先必須解決一系列關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題，其中，風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的變槳 矩 控制是一個(gè)極具挑戰(zhàn)性的控制問題，對(duì)其進(jìn)行深入研究具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 通過閱讀大量國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料，研究風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)工作原理，論文首先 對(duì)變槳矩 驅(qū)動(dòng)裝 置的選擇進(jìn)行比較，最終確定本變槳 矩 控制系統(tǒng)采用獨(dú)立電動(dòng)變 槳 的方式。 分析了風(fēng)力電機(jī)的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)特性，在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組在不同風(fēng)速段下的控制策略。 由于 PID 控制 穩(wěn)定性好、控制算法簡(jiǎn)單、 響應(yīng)速度快 且能實(shí)現(xiàn)無差調(diào)節(jié) ， 論文采用 PID 控制算法。 由于 PLC 在工業(yè)控制上有許多優(yōu)勢(shì)，且價(jià)格合理，綜合各方面因素，本文選擇 S7200 作為控制器。 隨后，設(shè)計(jì)了基于 PID 控制的變槳 矩 控制器 的 控制框圖和 硬件電路 圖 。 基于 STEP 7 MicroWIN SP6 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 了變槳 矩 控制器相應(yīng)的軟件 。 關(guān)鍵詞： 風(fēng) 力發(fā)電機(jī)組 ；電動(dòng) 變槳 矩 控制 ； 變速恒頻； PLC II The wind turbine pitch control system Abstract With the increasing depletion of oil resources and the concerning human pay attention to global environmental degradation. Wind power as renewable green energy for its outstanding advantages bees the world39。s oriented energy. The importance of wind energy development is indisputable so that the wind power technology will be rapid development. Wind power technology involves the disciplines of aerodynamics, mechanical, electrical and automatic control theory. It is important to resolve a number of key techniques for largescale development of wind energy. Wind turbine pitch control is a challenging problem and indepth study has important practical significance. Reading a large number of domestic and foreign literatures to study working principle and to pare the pitch drives, and ultimately determine the pitch control system which is independent electric pitch in this paper. Design the control strategy of wind turbines on different wind speeds which based on the analysis of the wind motor aerodynamics,. The control stability of PID is good and the control algorithm is simple, fast response and can achieve without different adjustment, so this paper uses the PID control algorithm. PLC has many advantages in industrial control and reasonable price. Concerning about all round factors, we have chosen the S7200 as a controller in this paper. Subsequently, control hardware blocks diagram and schematic of the pitch controller based on PID control were designed. Based on the STEP 7 Micro WIN SP6, we design the pitch controller software. Key words: Wind turbine。 Blade pitch control。 VSCF。 PLC III 目錄 摘要 .................................................................................................................................I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................. 1 論文的研究背景和意義 ................................................................................... 1 論文的研究背景 .................................................................................... 1 選題的意義 ............................................................................................ 2 風(fēng)力發(fā)電變槳控制系統(tǒng)國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................. 2 本論文主要工作 .............................................................................................. 3 第二章 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的基本組成、基本理論與變槳矩系統(tǒng) .................................. 4 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的基本組成 ............................................................................... 4 槳葉系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................. 5 齒輪箱系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................. 6 發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................. 7 控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................. 7 偏航系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................. 8 塔架 ......................................................................................................... 9 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) ................................................................................................. 9 UPS 供電系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................ 9 空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)原理 ............................................................................................. 10 葉素理論 ............................................................................................... 10 風(fēng)能計(jì)算 ............................................................................................... 10 風(fēng)能利用系數(shù)與貝茲理論 ................................................................... 11 風(fēng)速特 性分析 ................................................................................................. 14 風(fēng)切變效應(yīng) ........................................................................................... 14 塔影效應(yīng) ............................................................................................... 14 變槳矩風(fēng)力機(jī)組的運(yùn)行狀態(tài) ......................................................................... 15 啟動(dòng)狀態(tài) ............................................................................................... 15 欠功率狀態(tài) ........................................................................................... 16 IV 額定功率狀態(tài) ....................................................................................... 16 變槳矩系統(tǒng)的原理與結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................. 17 變槳矩調(diào)節(jié)原理 ................................................................................... 17 變槳矩系統(tǒng)分類 ................................................................................... 19 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組變槳矩驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置比較和選擇 ................................................ 21 液壓變槳與電動(dòng)變槳技術(shù)比較 .......................................................... 21 液壓變槳與電動(dòng)變槳供應(yīng)鏈分析 ...................................................... 22 本章小結(jié) .................................