【正文】 基于 Fuzzy PID的 烘干爐溫度控制系統(tǒng) 的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生專(zhuān)業(yè) ：自動(dòng)化 學(xué)生姓名： 導(dǎo)師姓名： 摘 要 傳統(tǒng)的烘干爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)在 烘干過(guò)程中，烘干爐溫度保持恒溫，并不利于產(chǎn)品整體的烘干，而為了達(dá)到更好的效果，其溫度應(yīng)由低到高逐漸升高，以利于溶劑的充分揮發(fā)。 本文就是以烘干爐為被控對(duì)象， 本文通過(guò)使用銅 銅鎳熱電偶，測(cè)量烘干爐實(shí)際運(yùn)行溫度，送入單片機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理， 以 AT89C52 單片機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)，構(gòu)成一個(gè)能 進(jìn)行較為復(fù)雜數(shù)據(jù)處理的控制系統(tǒng)，并實(shí)現(xiàn)其硬件電路圖與軟件框圖。 單片機(jī) 可 根據(jù)輸入的各種命令， 運(yùn)行智能算法 得到控制值，輸出脈沖觸發(fā)信號(hào)，通過(guò)過(guò)零觸發(fā)電路驅(qū)動(dòng)雙向可控硅，從而加熱烘干爐。 本文 分析了 PID 控制和模糊控制的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，將 PID 控制和 模糊控制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)，采用模糊規(guī)則在線整定 PID 的 PK 、 IK 、 DK 三個(gè)參數(shù)的模糊自整定 PID 控制方法。 基于模糊自整定 PID 控制算法的控制系統(tǒng)有相當(dāng)好的靈活性，能進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)采集、利用模糊 PID 算法進(jìn)行處理及控制結(jié)果顯示等功能，可以獲得較高的控制精度。 關(guān)鍵詞 模糊 PID 烘干爐 溫度控制系統(tǒng) Abstract The traditional drying stove temperature control system in drying process, drying stove temperature keep a constant temperature, not conducive to the whole of product drying, and in order to achieve better effect, its temperature should be from low to high gradually raised, so the full volatile solvent. This paper is to dry the furnace for the controlled object, this paper, through the use of coppercopper nickel thermocouple, measurement of drying stove actual operation temperature, into the single chip microputer data processing, based on single chip microputer AT89C52, can form a more plex data processing of the control system, and realize the hardware circuit and software diagram. According to the input of the single chip microputer of mand, run the smart control algorithm are, the output pulse triggering signal, through the zero trigger circuit drive bta, thus heating drying stove. This paper analyzes the PID control and fuzzy control and the advantages and disadvantages of, will PID control and fuzzy control advantages bined, using fuzzy rules online setting the PID PK, IK, DK three parameters of fuzzy selftuning PID control method. Based on fuzzy selftuning PID control algorithm of the control system is good flexibility, can the realtime data acquisition, data by using fuzzy PID algorithm for processing and control results show, and other functions, can obtain higher control precision. Key words Fuzzy PID drying stove temperature control system III 目錄 摘 要 ................................................................................................ I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ...........................................................................................1 課題研究的目的及意義 .............................................................1 控制的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ........................................................................2 國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................2 國(guó)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r .................................................................2 本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容 ........................................................................3 第 2 章 控制理論 ...................................................................................5 P ID 控制方案 ..........................................................................5 PID 控制的基本概念 ....................................................5 PID 控制器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) ....................................................8 模糊控制方案 ..........................................................................9 模糊控制理論 ...............................................................9 模糊控制器設(shè)計(jì)步驟 ..................................................... 10 模糊控制器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) .................................................. 16 模糊自整定 P ID 方案 ............................................................ 17 模糊自整定 P ID 控制的原理 ...................................... 17 糊自整定 PID 控制器的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................... 18 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................... 25 系統(tǒng)的總體框圖 ...................................................................... 25 單片機(jī)的選型 ......................................................................... 26 傳感器的選擇 ......................................................................... 27 溫度采集電路的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................. 28 IV A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換電路的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................... 29 鍵盤(pán)和顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................... 31 存儲(chǔ)器擴(kuò)展電路的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................... 34 可控硅控制電路的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................... 35 報(bào)警電路的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................... 37 電源電路的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 38 串口通信電路的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................ 39 第 4 章 控制系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................. 40 控制系統(tǒng)的仿真 .................................................................... 40 以及仿真環(huán)境 S imulink 簡(jiǎn)介 .................. 40 PID 控制系統(tǒng)的仿真 .................................................. 41 模糊自 整定 P ID 控制系統(tǒng)的仿真 ............................... 42 主程序的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 46 模糊自適應(yīng) PID 算法 ............................................................ 48 鍵盤(pán)和 LED 顯 示程序 ............................................................ 49 串口通信程序 ....................................................................... 52 結(jié) 論 .................................................................................................. 53 致 謝 .................................................................................................... 54 參考文獻(xiàn) .............................................................................................. 54 附錄 1 ................................................................................................... 56 附錄 2 ...................................................................