【正文】 摘 要 基于單片機(jī)的液體點(diǎn)滴速度監(jiān)控裝置設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 摘 要 靜脈輸液是一種最常用的臨床治療方法，是護(hù)理專業(yè)的一項(xiàng)常用給藥治療技術(shù)。臨床上應(yīng)根據(jù)藥物和患者情況不同配以適當(dāng)?shù)妮斠核俣?。輸液過快，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致中毒，更嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致水腫和心力衰竭 。輸液過慢則可能發(fā)生藥量不夠或無謂地延長(zhǎng)輸液時(shí)間，使治療受影響并給患者和護(hù)理工作增加不必要的負(fù)擔(dān)。常規(guī)臨床輸液，普遍采用掛瓶輸液，并用眼睛觀察，依靠手動(dòng)夾子來控制輸液速度，不易精確控制輸液速度，而且工作量大。 本系統(tǒng)是利用單片機(jī) 設(shè)計(jì)并制作一個(gè)智能化的液體點(diǎn)滴速度監(jiān)測(cè)與控制裝置 。該裝置由水滴速度測(cè)試系統(tǒng)、水速控制系統(tǒng)、顯示裝置、單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)、鍵盤和報(bào)警等系統(tǒng)組成。應(yīng)用水的壓強(qiáng)隨著高度差的變化而變化的原理，利用控制步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的升降來控制點(diǎn)滴速度。點(diǎn)滴速度可用鍵盤來設(shè)定，設(shè)定范圍為 20150(滴 /分 )， 每滴 誤差范圍 控制 在 10%左右 。從改變?cè)O(shè)定值起到點(diǎn)滴速度基本穩(wěn)定整個(gè)過程的調(diào)整時(shí)間小于 3 分鐘。同時(shí)在水到達(dá)警戒線以下時(shí)能發(fā)出報(bào)警信號(hào)。 關(guān)鍵字 點(diǎn)滴速度 ； 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī) ； 單片機(jī) ； 報(bào)警系統(tǒng) Abstract Abstract Intravenous infusion is one of the most monly used in clinical treatment, is a monly used medication nursing professional technology. Should be based on drug and clinical patients is different with the appropriate transfusion speed. Infusion too quickly, it may cause poisoning, will lead to more serious edema, and congestive heart failure。 Infusion too slow will probably be enough doses or unnecessarily prolong infusion time, treatment affected and add unnecessary burden to patients and nursing. Routine clinical transfusion, generally used to hang bottle infusion, by eye observation, rely on manual clip to control the transfusion speed, not easy to precisely control infusion speed, and large workload. This system is to use single chip microputer intelligent design and production of a liquid drop speed monitoring and control device. The device consists of water droplets velocity test system, speed control system, keyboard, display device, microputer system and alarm system. Application of water pressure varies with the change of height difference principle, use rise and fall of control stepper motor to control the bit rate. Intravenous drip speed can be set with keyboard, set range of 20150 (drops/min), control about 10% error range in 1 drop. From change the set point to the basic stability of the whole process of dropping speed adjustment time is less than 3 minutes. At the same time can send out alarm signal when the water is below the alarming. Keywords Intravenous drip speed； the step motor； MCU； alarm system 目 錄 1 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................................................................................................. i Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. iii 第 1 章 緒 論 ............................................................................................................................... 1 課題研究意義 ........................................................................................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................................................................................. 2 主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 ........................................................................................................................... 3 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)方案選擇與論證 ........................................................................................................ 4 各模塊方案選擇和論證 ............................................................................................................. 4 液體點(diǎn)滴速度及儲(chǔ)液瓶液面檢測(cè) ......................................................................................... 4 液瓶液面檢測(cè) ..................................................................................................................... 5 鍵盤方案 ............................................................................................................................ 6 顯 示方案 ............................................................................................................................ 6 電機(jī)系統(tǒng)方案 ..................................................................................................................... 6 點(diǎn)滴速度控制方案 .............................................................................................................. 7 方案的確定 .............................................................................................................................. 7 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) ........................................................................................................ 9 系統(tǒng)硬件基本組成部分 ............................................................................................................. 9 電路模塊電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................................... 9 液體點(diǎn)滴速度檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 9 鍵盤控制電路 .................................................................................................................... 11 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 ............................................................................................................. 11 系統(tǒng)原理圖 ............................................................................................ 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 輸液管的機(jī)械控制 .............................................................................................................12 元器件說明 .............................................................................................................................12 AT89C52 ...........................................................................................................................12 集成運(yùn)算放大器 LM324N ..................................................................................................14 電壓比較器件 LM339 ........................................................................................................18 步進(jìn)電機(jī)及其驅(qū)動(dòng) ULN20xx ..............................................................................................21 1602 型 LCD......................................................................................