【正文】 xxx 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書 全數(shù)字直流雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 摘要 近年來，自動化控制系統(tǒng)在各行業(yè)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展，而直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)作為電力拖動系統(tǒng)的主要方式之一，在現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)中起著十分重要的作用。隨著微電子技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，計算機在調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用使控制系統(tǒng)得到簡化，體積減小，可靠性提高，而且各種經(jīng)典和智能算法也都分別在調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中得到了靈活的應(yīng)用，以此來達(dá)到最優(yōu)控制效果。 以單片機為控制核心的數(shù)字直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)有著許多優(yōu)點：由于速度給定和測速采用了數(shù) 字化，能夠在很寬的范圍內(nèi)高精度測速，所以擴(kuò)大了調(diào)速的范圍，提高了測速控制系統(tǒng)的精度；由于硬件的高度集成化，所以使得零部件數(shù)量大大減少；由于很多功能都是由軟件實現(xiàn)的，使硬件得以簡化，因此故障率??；單片機以數(shù)字信號工作，控制方法靈活便捷，抗干擾能力較強。 本論文在直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以 80C196KC 單片機為控制核心，對雙閉環(huán)直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中的轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)器采了用 PID 控制算法、電流調(diào)節(jié)器采用了 PI 算法，設(shè)計了一套全數(shù)字直流電機雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。并且介紹了直流電機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的功能和特性，分析了雙閉環(huán) PID 控制的 調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，確定了電流環(huán)和轉(zhuǎn)速環(huán)的比例和積分系數(shù)。此外，本次設(shè)計采用了數(shù)字式速度給定和數(shù)字式測速方法，大大提高了速度控制的精度。 關(guān)鍵詞：直流電動機；調(diào)速； PID 控制；雙閉環(huán) xxx畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書 Design of Digital Double Closedloop DC Speed Regulation System Abstract In recent years， autocontrol system has been widely used and developed in every walk of DC speed regulation,as the artery in the area of electic drive system acts the main effect in the development of the microelectritcity,the use of the puter in speed regulation system simplies the system,reduces the volume,increases the Optimum Control is achieved by the use of both classical methods and intelligent methods. The digital speed control system for DC motor,which use Chip Microcontroller(SCM) as its processor has many speed giving and speed measuring adopt digital method,the system can measure the speed accuracy within a wide range,which expans the speed control scope and enhances its precession。the hardware is highly integrated,the number of the parts is sharply minimized。as most functions are carried out by software,the rate of malfunction is ,as SCM works with digital signal,its control is flexible and its ability to antiinterference is very high. The paper is based on the theory of DC speed this paper， a 80C196KC SCM is used as the processor for the speed control system of DC motor. The kind of speed controller is PID and that of current controller is PI. It is also discussed in this paper how to analyze the math model of double close loop speed control system by analyzing the functions and characteristics of the speed controlling system for DC motor， and find out the proportion and integral factors of the current and voltage loop. Moreover， the system adopted digital speed measuring method to enhance the accuracy of speed control. Key words： DC motor。Speed regulation。 PID control。 Doubleclosedloopxxx 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書 目 錄 1 緒論 ........................................................... 1 引言 ...................................................... 1 課題的背景 ................................................ 1 課題研究的目的和實際意義 ................................... 2 2 直流調(diào)速 系統(tǒng)理論研究和方案確定 .................................. 4 調(diào)速方案的選擇 ............................................ 4 電動機型號的選擇 ..................................... 4 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的控制方法的選擇 .......................... 4 電動機供電方案的選擇 ................................. 5 調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的性能指標(biāo) ......................................... 5 調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)指標(biāo) ................................... 5 調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能指標(biāo) ............................... 6 2總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 ............................................. 7 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)選擇 ......................................... 7 3 數(shù)字直流電機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字 PID控制 .............................. 10 PID調(diào)節(jié)器的基本原理 ...................................... 10 PID調(diào)節(jié)器的數(shù)字化設(shè)計 .................................... 11 位置式 PID算法 ........................................... 12 調(diào)速單元 PI參數(shù)的整定 ..................................... 15 直流電動機的數(shù)學(xué)模型 ................................ 15 轉(zhuǎn)速、電流雙閉環(huán)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的分析 ....................... 17 比例、積分系數(shù)初值的確定 ............................ 18 4 主電路的設(shè)計與參數(shù)計算 ......................................... 19 變壓器的設(shè)計 ............................................. 19 變壓器二次側(cè)電壓 U2的計算 ............................ 19 一次、二次側(cè)相電流 I I2的計算 ....................... 20 xxx 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書 變壓器容量的計算 .................................... 20 晶閘管型號的選擇 ......................................... 20 晶閘管的額定電壓 .................................... 20 晶閘管的 額定電流 .................................... 21 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的保護(hù) ........................................ 21 過電壓保護(hù)和dtdu限制 ................................. 21 過電流保護(hù)和dtdi限制 ................................. 23 主電路及保護(hù)電路圖 ........................................ 23 5 數(shù)字直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 ..................................... 25 控制模塊 ................................................. 25 同步信號電路 ............................................. 26 觸發(fā)脈沖輸出電路 ......................................... 29 顯示模塊 ................................................. 30 LCD液晶顯示簡介 .................................... 30 LCD接口設(shè)計 ........................................ 33 速度給定電路 ............................................. 33 監(jiān)控電路的設(shè)計 ........................................... 34 MAX813L芯片及其引腳 ................................. 34 硬件電路圖 .......................................... 35 通信接口設(shè)計 ............................................. 36 RS232C通信接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ................................. 37 串口通信電路 ........................................ 37 脈 沖信號反饋模塊 ......................................... 38 6 數(shù)字直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 ..................................... 40 采樣周期 T的選擇 ......................................... 40 主程序的設(shè)計 ............................................. 40 數(shù)字測速的軟件設(shè)計 ........................................ 41 xxx 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書 顯示模塊的軟件設(shè)計 ........................................ 45 觸發(fā)脈沖的軟件設(shè)計 ........................................ 45 7 總結(jié)與展望 ..................................................... 48 工作總結(jié) ................................................. 48 研究展望 ................................................. 49 致謝 ............................................................ 50 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................ 51 附錄 ..................