【正文】 FMEA FAILURE MODE EFFECTS ANALYSIS 1 FMEA An analytical tool for identifying Potential Failures in a product or process so that corrective action can be taken before the failures can reach the customer. FMEA是一種識(shí)別產(chǎn)品或過(guò)程的 潛在失效 ,以便 在這些失效影響客戶之前 採(cǎi)取措施的分析工具 2 FMEA An FMEA is a Structured Approach to: FMEA是結(jié)構(gòu)式的方法 ? Identifying the ways in which a design or process can fail to meet the critical customer requirements 識(shí)別設(shè)計(jì)或過(guò)程可能以何種方式失效而不能滿足客戶重要需求 ? Estimating the risk of specific causes with regard to these failures 估計(jì)產(chǎn)生這些失效的特殊原因的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? Evaluating the current controls for preventing these failures 評(píng)估現(xiàn)有控制手段對(duì)這些失效的預(yù)防 ? Prioritizing the actions that must be taken to improve the design or the process 給那些用以改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)和過(guò)程的措施排序 3 FMEA FMEA – History 歷史 ? First used in the 1960’s during the Apollo Moon Missions. 最早被用於上世紀(jì)六十年代的阿波羅登月計(jì)劃 . ? In 1974 MILSTD1629 was developed by the Navy for using FMEA’s. 1974年海軍為 FMEA的應(yīng)用制定了 MILSTD1629. ? In the late 1970, adapted by the auto industry in response to higher liability costs and higher quality demands by customers. 在二十世紀(jì)七十年代末 , 為滿足客戶更高的責(zé)任成本和質(zhì)量需求而被用於自動(dòng)化工業(yè)中 . 4 FMEA ? FMEA is proactive, not reactive. Don39。t wait for the customer to plain if you can avoid it! FMEA是 預(yù)防性 的，不是反應(yīng)性的。應(yīng)當(dāng)儘量避免失效，而不是等著顧客提出申訴！ 5 FMEA FMEA reduces the chance that a customer will see a failure FMEA通過(guò)以下措施減少顧客遇到失效的情況 : – By defining failure in terms of what the customer wants and expects. 針對(duì)顧客的要求和期望確定失效 – By showing where measures need to be taken to prevent failure. 指出爲(wèi)了防止失效，需要在哪方面採(cǎi)取措施 6 FMEA Types of FMEAs 類型 ? Design – used to analyze product designs before they are released to production 設(shè)計(jì) 用於在產(chǎn)品投產(chǎn)前對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的分析 ? Process – used to analyze manufacturing processes 過(guò)程 用於分析製程 ? System – used to analyze systems in the early concept and design stages 系統(tǒng) – 用於分析早期的概念和設(shè)計(jì)階段的系統(tǒng) 7 FMEA Summary 概要 – Identifies known and potential failure modes。 識(shí)別已知和潛在的失效模式 – Identifies the causes and effects of each failure mode。 識(shí)別每一種失效模式的原因和後果 – Prioritizes the failure modes (using the RPN)。 利用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)序數(shù) （ RPN） 給失效模式排序 – Should initiate corrective action where needed. 必要時(shí)提出糾正措施 8 FMEA Timing of an FMEA FMEA的時(shí)機(jī) ? FMEA’s should be initiated when preliminary drawings of the design or process are available 當(dāng)初步的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和工藝被制定出來(lái)時(shí)應(yīng)開始做FMEA ? Updated as identified issues are resolved 當(dāng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題解決後要更新 FMEA ? Can be used on existing products to improve quality 可用於現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品以提高質(zhì)量 9 FMEA ? System系統(tǒng) – Wiring harness 線束 – Electronic module 電控模塊 – Assembly 總成 System FMEA treats system as a“functional schematic” 系統(tǒng) FMEA從 “ 功能關(guān)係圖 ” 入手來(lái)考慮 10 FMEA An analytical tool used to identify systemlevel failure modes, and identify corrective actions to be taken. 是一種分析工具用來(lái)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)失效模式 11 FMEA ? It is similar to a Design FMEA, but focuses on the circuit schematic instead of physical failure of ponents. 同 DFMEA相類 似 , 系統(tǒng) FMEA側(cè)重於回路設(shè)計(jì)而不是元件的物理失效 。 Take electrical systems as examples. 以電氣系統(tǒng)為例 。 12 FMEA Example: 舉例 ： ? Failure mode at electrical system level 電氣系統(tǒng)失效模式 – Open circuit at ckt A 回路 A出現(xiàn)開路 ? Cause: 原因 ： – Terminal unseated 端子脫出 ? Terminal unseated bees a failure mode at the ponent level. 端子脫出 是電氣元件的失效模式 。 13 FMEA Rules of Design FMEA 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA規(guī)則 ? Tool for design engineers and project team to improve the design in a preemptive manner (before failure occur) 是設(shè)計(jì)工程師和項(xiàng)目小組的工具用來(lái)提高設(shè)計(jì)的前瞻性 (在問(wèn)題發(fā)生前 ) ? Used to established Critical to Quality features that effect the performance of the product 用與那些影響產(chǎn)品性能的重要質(zhì)量特性 ? Used to establish Critical to Life features that effect the life of the product 用於確定影響產(chǎn)品壽命的重要壽命特性 ? Used to establish Critical to safety features 用於確定重要安全特性 14 FMEA Purpose of Design FMEA 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA的用途 ? Establishes critical features that must be controlled in manufacturing to satisfy customer requirements 確定那些必須在生產(chǎn)中進(jìn)行控制的特性以滿足客戶要求 ? Identifies deficiencies in the product design and associated action items 找出產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中的不足和相應(yīng)的措施 ? Helps evaluate the risk of design changes 幫助評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)計(jì)變更的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 15 FMEA Purpose of Design FMEA 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA的用途 ? Identifies process development needs 確定開發(fā)工藝流程的需求 ? Dynamic document – documents design alternatives and associated risks 動(dòng)態(tài)的文件 – 記錄可選擇的設(shè)計(jì)方案和相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? Establishes bases for manufacturing and quality control plan 建立製造和品質(zhì)控制計(jì)劃的基礎(chǔ) 16 FMEA Design FMEA Inputs and Outputs 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA的輸入和輸出 ? Product drawings 產(chǎn)品圖紙 ? Product models 產(chǎn)品模型 ? Product specification 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格 ? Identified Critical to Quality failures 確定的重要質(zhì)量特性 ? Actions to prevent the causes of failures 防止失效原因的措施 ? Actions to detect failure modes 發(fā)現(xiàn)失效模式的措施 ? History of actions and Responsibilities 措施和責(zé)任人的記錄 17 FMEA ? Design 設(shè)計(jì) – Components 元件 – Elements 設(shè)計(jì)要素 Design FMEA looks at physical failure modes of ponents and design elements 設(shè)計(jì) FMEA著眼于 元件及設(shè)計(jì)要素 的物理失效模式 18 FMEA Rules of Process FMEA 過(guò)程 FMEA規(guī)則 ? Tool for process engineers and project team to improve the manufacturing process in a preemptive manner 是工藝工程師和項(xiàng)目小組的工具 ,用來(lái)提高製造工藝的前瞻性 ? Used to prioritize actions to ensure a