【正文】 I 基于單片機的溫濕度檢測系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 摘 要 隨著人們的生活及其生產(chǎn)水平的不斷提高，對生活環(huán)境和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的要求就顯的尤為重要 ,溫濕度的控制就是一個典型的例子，因此溫濕度檢測系統(tǒng)就是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)生活中應(yīng)運而生的一種智能、快捷、方便可靠的檢測系統(tǒng)，特別是在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中如果檢測得不準(zhǔn)確就會發(fā)生許多的生產(chǎn)事故。如化工生產(chǎn)中對溫度的檢測不當(dāng)就會導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)效率的降低和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的下降。而現(xiàn)在所使用的溫濕度檢測系統(tǒng)通常都是精度為 1℃ 或 ℃ 的水銀、煤油或酒精溫度計進行的溫度檢測和用傳統(tǒng)的物理模擬量的方法進行的濕度檢測。這些溫濕度檢 測計的刻度間隔通常都很密，不容易準(zhǔn)確分辨，讀數(shù)困難，而且他們的熱容量還比較大，達到熱平衡所需的時間較長，因此很難讀準(zhǔn)，并且使用非常不方便。 要為現(xiàn)代人工作、科研、生活提供更好的更方便的設(shè)施就需要從單片機技術(shù)入手，一切向著數(shù)字化控制，智能化控制方向發(fā)展。本設(shè)計是以單片機（ AT89S52）為核心，配合溫度傳感器（ DS18B20）和濕度傳感器 (HIH3610)，以及相關(guān)的外圍電路組成的檢測系統(tǒng)，可以接收所測環(huán)境的溫度和濕度信號，檢測人員可以通過數(shù)碼管顯示的數(shù)據(jù)，實時監(jiān)控環(huán)境的溫度和濕度情況。所有的測量操作都可以 通過主機控制軟件來實現(xiàn)，溫度和濕度傳感器得到的測量信號，經(jīng)電路轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號，然后濕度通過光電耦合送到單片機進行數(shù)據(jù)處理，經(jīng)軟件分析處理后送顯示裝置。 本系統(tǒng)是硬件設(shè)計 ,可靠性高，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，實現(xiàn)了對溫濕度的自動調(diào)節(jié)。系統(tǒng)還應(yīng)用RS232 與上位機相連接，可以設(shè)置自動記錄溫度、濕度的相關(guān)的參數(shù)，也可以設(shè)置每隔一定的時間自動記錄，可用在氣象的觀察方面。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： AT89S52 單片機，溫度傳感器，濕度傳感器， LED 顯示 II Design of Temperature and Humidity Detection Hardware System Based on Microproccessor ABSTRACT As people39。s living and production levels continue to improve, Living environment and production environment for the requirements of most importance to people. Temperature and humidity control is a typical example, the temperature and humidity detection system came into being of modern production and life of a smart, fast, convenient and reliable detection systems, particularly in the industrial production will occur if the test was not precise Many industrial accidents. Such as chemical production in the detection of improper temperature can cause reduced productivity and product quality decline. And now the temperature and humidity detection system used is usually an accuracy of ℃ or 1 ℃ mercury, kerosene or alcohol thermometer for temperature measurement and the use of traditional methods of physical analog humidity testing. The total scale of temperature and humidity testing is usually very close intervals, not easy to accurately distinguish, reading diffic ulties, and their relatively large heat capacity, the time required to reach thermal equilibrium longer, making it difficult to read accurate, and very inconvenient to use. Work for modern, scientific research and to provide better and more convenient facilities need to start from a single chip technology, all toward the digital control, intelligent control direction. The design is based on microcontroller (AT89S52) as the core, with the temperature sensor (DS18B20) and the humidity sensor (HIH3610), and related peripheral circuits of the detection system, can receive the measured signal is temperature and humidity environment, inspectors can through the digital display of data, realtime monitoring the environment temperature and humidity conditions. All of the measurement operation can be achieved by the host control software, temperature and humidity sensors are measuring the signal, the circuit is converted to electrical signals, then amplified by a certain chip converter to the microcontroller for data processing, the software analysis display device processing evacuation. The system includes hardware and software design, high reliability, simple structure to realize the automatic adjustment of temperature and humidity. Application RS232 system also is connected with the host puter, you can set up automatic recording of temperature, humidity related parameters can also be set automatically records the time intervals can be used in terms of meteorological observation. III KEY WORDS: AT89S52 microcontroller, temperature sensor, humidity sensor,LED display IV 目 錄 摘要 ..................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................ II 1 緒論 ................................................................... 1 課題的研究背景 ...................................................... 1 溫濕度傳感器技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 .................................... 1 本課程設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容 ................................................ 3 本論文結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................... 3 2 系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計 ....................................................... 5 系統(tǒng)功能的設(shè)計 ...................................................... 5 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計原則 ........................................................ 5 系統(tǒng)總方案的選定 .................................................... 6 主控制器方案的選型 .............................................. 6 系統(tǒng)組成框圖 ........................................................ 9 3 系統(tǒng)的工作原理 ........................................................ 11 傳感器的基本特性 ................................................... 11 傳感器的靜態(tài)特性 ............................................... 11 傳感器的動態(tài)特性 ............................................... 11 溫度傳感器 ......................................................... 11 DS18B20 的測溫原理 ............................................. 12 濕度傳感器 ......................................................... 14 主要特性 ....................................................... 15 單片機 AT89S52 ..................................................... 16 RS232C 接口 ...................................................... 19 數(shù)碼管的顯示 ....................................................... 20 4 系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計和連接 .................................................. 21 主控模塊 ........................................................... 21 顯示模塊 ........................................................... 21 光電耦合 ........................................................... 21 溫度和濕度采集模塊 ................................................. 22 DS18B20 溫度傳感器與單片機的連接 ............................... 22 濕度信號采集的設(shè)計 ............................................. 22 輸出驅(qū)動的設(shè)計 ..................................................... 23 與上位機相連電路的設(shè)計 ............................................. 24 V 電源電路的設(shè)計 ..................................................... 24 報警電路設(shè)計 ....................................................... 25 5 總結(jié)與展望 .......................