成本的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析(已修改)
2025-02-24 17:49 本頁面
【正文】 成本分析 第 7章 1 成本的經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 2 短期 ? The short run: The period in which firms can adjust production only by changing variable factors such as materials and labor but cannot change fixed factors such as capital. 3 固定成本 ? The cost related to fixed factors is called fixed cost (固定成本，不變成本 ). ? A firm’ s fixed costs, sometimes called “ overhead” (企業(yè)一般管理費(fèi)用 ) or “ sunk costs” (沉入成本 ), must be paid even if the firm produces no output, and they will not change if output changes. 4 變動(dòng)成本 ? The cost related to variable factors is called variable cost (變動(dòng)成本，可變成本 ). ? Variable costs are those which vary as output changes. By definition, VC begins at zero when q is zero. 5 總成本是可達(dá)到的最小成本 ? Total cost represents the lowest total dollar expense needed to produce each level of output q. ? 說明： 與生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的處理類似，總成本也是指給定產(chǎn)量時(shí)的最小成本，目的是為了讓函數(shù)關(guān)系具有唯一性。 6 Total cost in short run: in long run: Total cost Variable cost = Fixed cost Variable cost + 7 (1) (2) (3) (4) Quantity Fixed cost Variable cost Total cost =(2)+(3) q FC($) VC($) TC($) 0 55 0 55 1 55 30 85 2 55 55 110 3 55 75 130 4 55 105 160 5 55 155 210 6 55 225 280 8 邊際成本 ? The concept of marginal cost is one of the most essential in microeconomics. ? Marginal cost (MC) denotes the extra or additional cost of producing 1 extra unit of output. 9 For an airline flying planes with empty seats, the added cost of another passenger is quite low. But on a hot summer day, when everyone’ s conditioners are running, the added electric power es at a high marginal cost. 10 邊際成本的計(jì)算 (1) (2) (3) Output Total cost Marginal cost Q TC($) MC($) 0 55 1 85 2 110 3 130 4 160 5 210 30 25 20 30 50 11 利用變動(dòng)成本計(jì)算邊際成本 (1) (2) (3) Output Variable cost Marginal cost Q VC($) MC($) 0 0 1 30 2 55 3 75 4 105 5 155 30 25 20 30 50 12 MC = TCq+1－ TCq = (VCq+1＋ FC) － (VCq＋ FC) = VCq+1 － VCq 數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo) ? 為什么可以用變動(dòng)成本來計(jì)算邊際成本： 13 總成本和邊際成本的關(guān)系 Output Total cost Output Marginal cost 14 平均成本 Average cost (or unit cost) = total cost output = TC q = AC Average fixed cost = fixed cost output = FC q = AFC
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1