【正文】
Chapter 2. International Cargo TransportationFengyan XieXiefy......SIB......SWUFEOutline:1. Featuresofoceantransportation2. ModesofOceanTransportation3. OceantransportFreight4. BillofLading5. OthermodesoftransportationXiefy......SIB......SWUFESection1.FuturesofOceanTransportationAdvantage:? Lowfreightcost? Largecapacity? WidelyconnectedoceanroutesDisadvantage:? Comparativelyslow? Vulnerabletomoretypesofrisk? InefficienttopunctualityXiefy......SIB......SWUFEXiefy......SIB......SWUFESection 2. Modes of ocean transport o Linero Trampso OceanTransportLiabilityConventionsxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFE LinerA. Idea of liner liner:avesselwhichsailsonafixedsailingroutes,callsatafixbasicportsataparativelyfixedtimetableandchargesatparativelyfixedfreightrates.linertransport:transportationserviceprovidedbylinerpanies.xfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFEB. Types of linersa. Conference linersb. Nonconference liners Discussion:Is conference necessary for the development of liner transport?xfyLinerConference:anizationoflinerpaniesforthecoordinationofshippingaffairslikeroutes,basicports,freight,ectXiefy......SIB......SWUFEC.Featuresoflinershippingo With 4 “fixed” charactero The carrier is in charge of loading and unloadingo Carry shipments of big or small quantityo Usually equipped with newer and quicker vesselsxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFED. Process of Liner ShippingThe shipperLiner Co.Liner①②③④Shipping Order(托運(yùn)單 /訂艙單)loadingMate’s Receipt( M/R)(大副收據(jù))B/L②M/RxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFEXiefy......SIB......SWUFEcontractunderliner—shipping order + B/LShippingOrder:anofferfromtheshipperbynatureB/L:anacceptancefromthecarrierbynaturePrinciple:Contractiseffectivewhenanofferisaccepted.Xiefy......SIB......SWUFE Tramps (charter)A. Idea of trampsCharter/tramps/generaltraffic:vesselsoperatedonanonscheduledbasisandsailwherethecargopresentsitselfB. Main types of chartero voyagechartero TimecharterC. Features of charter transport—paring with liner transport: DiscussionxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFED.Shippingcontractundercharter—CharterPartyCharter Party: a formal contract between the shipper and the carrier indicating details of shipping service and obligations of both parties.Xiefy......SIB......SWUFEContent of charter party :Charter Partyo Owner’sLiabilityClauseo DeviationClauseo PaymentofFreighto Loading/Dischargingo Laytimeo Demurrageo LienClauseo CancellingClauseo BillofLadingo BothtoBlameClauseo GeneralAverageandNewJasonClauseo Taxe