【正文】 II 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 基于 GPS 和 GPRS 的車輛定位系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 幾年來，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，汽車的智能化逐漸成為汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展的必然要求。隨著嵌入式系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化趨勢和半導(dǎo)體王藝的進(jìn)步，嵌入式處理器的性能大幅提高，其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也越來越廣泛。嵌入式技術(shù)為汽車電子提供了極佳的解決方案，使開發(fā)出高性能、低成本的智能車載終端成為可能。無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展給相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)和領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展帶來了極大的機(jī)遇，尤其是對數(shù)據(jù)采集與傳輸系統(tǒng)方面的應(yīng)用。無線傳輸技術(shù)極大的擴(kuò)展了數(shù)據(jù)采集與傳輸系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用范圍 ，降低了制造和維護(hù)成本，提高了系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)行效率。 文中分別從軟件和硬件兩個方面進(jìn)行了原理分析，并給出了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。包括硬件平臺的設(shè)計(jì)、操作系統(tǒng)定制移植、軟件開發(fā)平臺的選擇和應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)等方面。硬件平臺設(shè)計(jì)包括：在研究 STM32 處理器的特性、外圍接口的基礎(chǔ)上核心系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建；針對 GPRS 模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)公能、數(shù)據(jù)接口、引腳功能，完成了其與 STM32 的接口設(shè)計(jì)；依據(jù) GPS 模塊的特性、基本結(jié)構(gòu)和外部引腳定義，完成了 GPS 模塊與 STM32 處理器接口設(shè)計(jì)；以及 LCD接口、 USART 接口等外圍接口的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。軟件平靜主 要包括 GPS 信息的采集與解析， GPRS 與監(jiān)控中心的通訊，發(fā)短信， LCD 顯示等程序。 最后對所做工作做了總結(jié)，對系統(tǒng)今后研究方向做了展望。 比如可以采用和電子地圖相結(jié)合的手段獲得更為精確和詳細(xì)的定位數(shù)據(jù)，為用戶提供更為方便的服務(wù)和更好的地圖視覺效果。 以后一定繼續(xù)完善車輛定位系統(tǒng)的功能以滿足未來發(fā)展的需要。 關(guān)鍵詞： 通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù) (GPRS) GPS 定位系統(tǒng) STM32 處理器 車載監(jiān)控 III Abstract Recently, great advance has been achieved both in puter science and electronic technology, which makes the modern automobiles much more intelligent and much more fortable. With more and more work technique applied in embedded system and the great improvement in semiconductor manufacturing, the EMPU(Embedded MicroProcessing Unit) has extended its application to the automobile industry. The embedded technique gives the best solution for automobile electronics and makes it possible to produce high performance terminal for cars at low cost. Nowadays, wireless data transition technology has brought great fortune for business especially for the information acquisition system, which could extend the data acquisition range and cut down the maintenance technique of vehicle supervision can guide the motor to it s destination conveniently, quickly and rightly, which is very important in increasing the transportation efficiency and energy saving. The paper from two aspects of hardware and software, and analyses the principle, and gives a detailed design. Includes hardware platform design and operating system customization transplantation, the software development platform choice and application development, etc. Hardware platform design including: in the study of the characteristics STM32 processor based on the periphery of the interface, the core of the system. According to the realization of GPRS module, data interface, and foot function, pleted the design of STM32 interface . According to the characteristics of GPS module, basic structure and external pin definition, pleted the detailed design of GPS module and STM32 processor interface design, And LCD interface, the periphery connection USART interface. Software calm mainly includes GPS information collection and analysis, GPRS munication with the monitoring center, text messaging, LCD display programs. IV At the end of the dissertation, a summary was made. For example, It can be used for electronic map and the method of bining obtain more accurate and detailed data, provide more convenient service and better map visual effect. This intelligent vehicle terminal has pact structure and powerful function such as car location and tracking. The system was economical and easily for upgrading. Keywords： GPRS(General Packet RadioService)， GPS(Global Position System)， STM32 Processor, Vehicle terminal I 目 錄 摘要 .......................................................... II Abstract ....................................................... III 第 1 章 緒論 ................................................... 1 課題背景 .............................................. 1 本系統(tǒng)研究的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 ................................ 1 本文主要研 究內(nèi)容和工作 ................................ 2 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)和關(guān)鍵技術(shù) ................................ 5 系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計(jì) ........................................ 5 GPRS 技術(shù) ............................................ 5 GPRS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu) .................................... 6 GPRS 的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢 .................................. 7 GPS 技術(shù) ............................................. 8 導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀 .................................. 9 GPS 衛(wèi)星定位原理 ................................ 10 GPS 的應(yīng)用 ...................................... 12 STM32 處理器 ........................................ 13 總線構(gòu)架 ........................................ 14 存儲器組織 ...................................... 16 電源 ............................................ 17 本章小結(jié) ............................................. 18 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā) ................................... 19 系統(tǒng)硬件總體設(shè)計(jì) ..................................... 19 GPRS 模塊硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................... 20 UART 接口 ...................................... 20 網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)指示 .................................... 21 SIM 卡接口 ...................................... 22 音頻接口 ........................................ 23 電源接口 ........................................ 25 USB 總線接口 .................................... 25 GPRS 模塊整體電路 ............................... 26 GPS 模塊硬件設(shè)計(jì) ..................................... 26 II GPS 模塊結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 .................................27 GPS 模塊設(shè)計(jì) .....................................28 STM32 處理器設(shè)計(jì) .....................................29 時(shí)鐘電路設(shè)計(jì) .....................................29 系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘 SYSCLK ...................................32 系統(tǒng)復(fù)位 .........................................32 人機(jī)接口設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................34 TFT 寸彩色液晶屏 ..............................34 按鍵和 LED 電路 ...................................35 輔助電路設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................35 RS232 通信模塊 ...................................35 系統(tǒng)供電電路 .....................................36 JTAG 仿真調(diào)試接口 ................................37 串行 E2PROM 存儲器 ..............................37 本章小結(jié) ..............................................38 第 4 章 操作系統(tǒng)移植和軟件設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā) ............................39 uCOSII 嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)移植 ............................39