【正文】
南京工程學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 題 目: 基 于 LabVIEW 的振動(dòng)信號(hào) 采 集處理系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì) A LabVIEWbased Vibration Data Acquisition and Signal Processing System Design 專 業(yè): 車輛工程( 車輛電子電氣 ) 起迄日期: ~ 設(shè)計(jì)地點(diǎn): 車輛工程實(shí)驗(yàn)中心 南京工程學(xué)院汽車與軌道交通學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 摘 要 儀器的技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)的技術(shù)、總線的技術(shù)和軟件的技術(shù)是由虛擬儀器構(gòu)成并將它們緊密的聯(lián)系在一起 , 儀器 的極大一部分 的 功能是依靠計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)處理能力 , 不再需要 傳統(tǒng)儀器 繁瑣 的 結(jié)構(gòu) ,形成的一種新的儀器模式。 如今的虛擬儀器技術(shù)還存在許多的弱點(diǎn)。首先,部分檢測系統(tǒng)任處于相對比較落后的狀態(tài),將各種示波器連接至計(jì)算機(jī)。通過一些繁瑣的步驟對示波器的波形進(jìn)行各種調(diào)整,有時(shí)候還需要同時(shí)顯示多個(gè)波形時(shí),需要連接多個(gè)示波器。其工作不僅復(fù)雜,而且控件占用率也比較高。在企業(yè)中,這也大大提高了企業(yè)的運(yùn)營成本,在研究項(xiàng)目的過程中也會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種麻 煩的步驟。同時(shí),現(xiàn)有的虛擬儀器技術(shù)也是僅僅停留在數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)分析的單獨(dú)步驟上,沒有將兩者很好的結(jié)合在一起。在系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的過程中,兩者是獨(dú)立分開工作的,增加了數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果的時(shí)間,對應(yīng)的工作效率也有所降低。 本設(shè)計(jì)采用了 NI PCI6024E 采集卡進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集,運(yùn)用相關(guān)的虛擬技術(shù)知識(shí)將數(shù)據(jù)采集到電腦中,再用 Labview 軟件設(shè)計(jì)的振動(dòng)信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)對采集卡所傳來的數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)、調(diào)整、顯示波形、數(shù)據(jù)分析等一系列工作。同時(shí)在 Labview 軟件的顯示界面上對電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行調(diào)整,調(diào)整的信號(hào)通過采集卡反饋到變頻器,再通 過調(diào)整變頻器電壓值,實(shí)現(xiàn)對電機(jī)的調(diào)速,以此形成了一個(gè)完整的循環(huán)過程。 本設(shè)計(jì)是虛擬儀器在測控領(lǐng)域的一次成功嘗試。 該系統(tǒng)將電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制、數(shù)據(jù)采集、采集數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)顯示、在線分析、存儲(chǔ)及離線分析等功能進(jìn)行有機(jī)的結(jié)合在一起,形成了一個(gè)完整的整體。本設(shè)計(jì)大大簡化了振動(dòng)信號(hào)采集的過程,將多個(gè)工作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,縮短了分析的時(shí)間,波形顯示也對應(yīng)變得明朗清晰。 關(guān)鍵詞 :虛擬儀器;數(shù)據(jù)采集; 采集卡 ; LabVIEW 南京工程學(xué)院汽車與軌道交通學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) ABSTRACT Instrument technology, puter technology, and software technology bus is constituted by the virtual instrument close contact with them, a great part of the function is to rely on the puter apparatus data processing capability, eliminating the need for cumbersome traditional instruments structure formation of a new model of the instrument. Today, there are many virtual instrument technology weaknesses. First, any part of the detection system is relatively backward state, various oscilloscope connected to the puter. By some tedious steps to make various adjustments oscilloscope waveforms, and sometimes also need to simultaneously display multiple waveforms, you need to connect multiple oscilloscope. Its work is not only plex, but also relatively high occupancy rate controls. In business, it also greatly increases the cost of doing business, in the course of research projects in a variety of troublesome step will appear. Meanwhile, the existing virtual instrument technology is merely data collection, data analysis on a single step, without the good bination of both. During the system operation, the two independent working separately, increasing the time for analysis of data, the corresponding efficiency is decreased. This design uses the NI PCI6024E data acquisition card collecting, using virtual technologyrelated knowledge will collect data to your puter, then Labview software design vibration signal acquisition system for collecting data from the card to store the signal, adjust waveform display, data analysis and a series of work. Labview software simultaneously on the display screen to adjust the speed of the motor to adjust the feedback signal to the inverter via capture card, and then by adjusting the voltage value of the inverter, the motor speed to achieve it, thus forming a plete cycle. This design is a virtual instrument in the field of measurement and control a successful attempt. The system will motor speed control, data acquisition, realtime display of data acquisition, online analysis, storage and offline analysis features such as anically bine together to form a plete whole. This design greatly simplifies the process of vibration signal acquisition, multiple work simultaneously, reducing the analysis time waveform display also corresponds became clear clarity. Key words: Virtual instrument。 Data collection。 Acquisition card。 LabVIEW南京工程學(xué)院汽車與軌道交通學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 1 目 錄 第一章 緒論 .................................... 4 引言 ......................................................... 4 課題背景 ..................................................... 4 我國現(xiàn)有測控技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ................................. 4 未來虛擬儀器發(fā)展的形勢 ................................. 5 本設(shè)計(jì)所做的工作 ............................................ 6 電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制 ......................................... 6 硬件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................... 6 軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................... 7 第二章 虛擬儀器 ..................................... 8 虛擬儀器技術(shù)的概述 .......................................... 8 虛擬儀器的概念 ......................................... 8 虛擬儀器的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢 ................................... 8 虛擬儀器測試系統(tǒng)的組成 ................................. 8 虛擬儀器的軟件結(jié)構(gòu) ..................................... 9 虛擬儀器的開發(fā)軟件 ......................................... 10 虛擬儀器的開發(fā)平臺(tái) —— Labview ......................... 10 Labview 軟件應(yīng)用介紹 .................................. 11 第三章 信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)硬件介紹及應(yīng)用原理 ....................... 12 系統(tǒng)硬件選擇 ............................................... 12 PC 機(jī) ................................................. 12 傳感器 ................................................ 12 NI PCI6024E 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡 ............................... 12 采集系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用原理 ......................................... 13 數(shù)據(jù)采集概論 .......................................... 13 南京工程學(xué)院汽車與軌道交通學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 2 采集系統(tǒng)的一般組成及各部分功能描述 .................... 14 輸入信號(hào)的類型 ........................................ 15 輸入信號(hào)的連接方式 .................................... 18 測量系統(tǒng)分類 .......................................... 18 選擇合適的測量系統(tǒng) .................................... 20 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡的性能指標(biāo) .................................. 22 第四章 信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用原理 ....................... 23 程序模塊化設(shè)計(jì)概述 ......................................... 23 程序設(shè)計(jì)的模塊化原則 .................................. 23 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的軟件模塊劃分 ................................ 23 信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)的軟件成果 ..................................... 24 電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制子 VI...................................... 24 數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)采集及保存程序 ................................ 25 第五章 信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)及成果 .......................... 26 硬件組成 .................................................... 26 軟件的具體實(shí) 現(xiàn) ............................................. 26 登陸界面前面板 .