【正文】 過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)（即轉(zhuǎn)承詞或銜接詞）介紹。過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)即“起”、“承”、“轉(zhuǎn)”、“合”的詞語(yǔ)在作文中能起到潤(rùn)滑劑的作用。正確并靈活運(yùn)用這類詞語(yǔ)能使作文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，邏輯合理，文章流暢。議論文常用的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)可分為以下十二種，但是有些詞語(yǔ)在幾種類型中可通用。 開(kāi)頭段引出擴(kuò)展句的詞語(yǔ)： at first, first of all, in the first place , for one thing…..,(for another….)（首先，其次），now, nowadays, at present, recently, lately, on the one hand…….,on the other hand. 表示次序關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：first, second, third, finally, firstly, secondly, thirdly, eventually, furthermore, above all, afterwards, at last. 表示時(shí)間順序的詞語(yǔ)：before, after that, now, next, soon, then, just then, later, until, since, ever since, from then on, while , meanwhile. 表示因果關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：as a result, as a result of, accordingly, because, because of, due to, owing to, now that, in that, since, so that, consequently, as a consequence, hence, for, for this/that reason, thus, so, in this/that way, therefore. 表示空間關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：between, beside, beyond, across, over, at, from…..to, into, outside, inside, above, against, around, at the bottom, before, behind, below, close to, up, down, far, farther, in front of, in the center of, in the distance, in the middle of, nearly, next to, on the left, on the right, on the opposite side, opposite to, on top of, under. 表示推理關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：or else（否則）， otherwise, if so, under no circumstances. 表示比較或?qū)Ρ?、讓步以及轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：like, unlike, similarly, in the same manner/way, in parison with, in contrast to， instead, on the contrary, while, though, even though/if, although, even when, in spit of, whereas, but, yet, rather than, nevertheless, no matter what/how/when/where/which. 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：above all, of course, indeed, in addition, additionally, besides, too, moreover, furthermore, that is to say, in other words, what’s more, in fact, once again, especially, in particular, most important. 表示條件或假設(shè)關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)：if, unless, provided that, in case, supposing, suppose.：no doubt, doubtless, undoubtedly, of course, surely, naturally, certainly. ：as follows, a case in point, for example, for instance, including, to illustrate, namely, such as.：to summarize, to sum up, to conclude, in sum, in summary, in conclusion, thus, therefore, all in all, in brief, briefly, on the whole, in all, in short, in a word, in terms, as I have said, as has been noted. 議論文一．現(xiàn)象解釋型此類作文在考試作文中最為常見(jiàn)。命題主要要求考生對(duì)某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋并加以評(píng)論，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：首先說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀；其次闡述這種現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)生或存在的原因；最后做出分析，提出建議或總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。一）．From the chart/graph/table/picture, we learn that nowadays, _總述社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)事實(shí)_____ has aroused the great/mon concern. What impresses us most is _社會(huì)突出現(xiàn)象___. There are many reasons accounting for _現(xiàn)象或變化___. First of all, _原因一____. What is more,_原因二___. For example, _舉例說(shuō)明原因二___. In addition, _原因三____. Therefore, 總結(jié)原因?qū)е碌慕Y(jié)果____. As far as I am concerned, 我的觀點(diǎn). For one thing/on one hand 理由一. For another/on the other hand 理由二. Thus/in brief/taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that 段落總結(jié)句.二）． According to the chart/graph/table/picture, it is clear that 圖表/畫(huà)內(nèi)容總概括. The chart /graph/table/picture show具體描述圖表/圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容一，while 具體描述圖表/圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容二. Many reasons contribute to 現(xiàn)象概括。 To begin with, 原因一。進(jìn)一步闡述原因一。 Moreover, 原因二。 In addition, 原因三。As a result, 段落總結(jié)句。 As to me, 我的觀點(diǎn)/態(tài)度/建議。 First of all, 理由一。Besides, 理由二。To conclude, 段落總結(jié)句。.: 1. Student Use of Computers. 　　1. 上圖所示為某校大學(xué)生平均每周使用計(jì)算機(jī)的時(shí)間: 1990年（2 hours）、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours)，請(qǐng)描述其變化； 　　2. 請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說(shuō)明）； 　　3. 你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問(wèn)題。 2. Health Gains in Developing Countries.　　1. 以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命（life expectancy）和嬰兒死亡率（infant mortality）的變化情況。 　　2. 說(shuō)明引起變化的各種原因。 3. Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. (fake modities)？、社會(huì)等的危害。4. Education and Market 1. 教育作為一種產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入市場(chǎng) 2. 產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因 3. 我的看法5. Adult’s Education 1.。成人教育在城市中很普及，有18%的成年人選擇成人教育 2. 分析原因何在 3. 我畢業(yè)后打算如何繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)6. Cards 1. 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)城市中持卡的人越來(lái)越多 2. 其原因在于。 3. 其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是。.: Student Use of ComputersFrom the chart, we learn that nowadays, student use of puters had grown sharply, which has aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is that, in 2000, college students averagely spent 20 hours per week on puter, which is more ten times than the size ten years ago. There many reasons accounting for this phenomenon.First of all, the decreasing price of PC plays an important part. What is more, internet provides students and amazing world to explore. For example, people can make friends around the world. In addition, for students, the puter can be a great help to their study. Therefore, more and more students devote their time to puters.As far as I am concerned, there are some problems existing in student use of puters. On one hand, lack of skills fails students to make full use of the puter. On the other hand, lacking necessary disciplines, some students indulge in puter games and net world, forgetting their major tasks as college students. In brief, I may reasonably conclude that there is still a lot to do to help students make good use of puters.Student Use of Computers According to the chart, it is clear that the students’ use of puters has grown rapidly. The chart shows from 1990 to 1995, the average hours that students spent on puters in every week were only doubled, while in 2000, the number grew to 20 hours, which is five times as large as that of 1995. Many reasons contribute to this tremendous growth. To begin with, the low price of puter allows many students to have one in university. That is to say, the price of PC is being so cheap that many students can have their own puters. Moreover, many net bars can provide students convenient access to puters. In addition, internet provides people an amazing world to explore. As a result, puters have an irresistible attraction to them.As to me, I think there are still problems in student use of puters. First of all, students don’t have enough skills to mand puters, which limits them to the full used of puters. Besides, students who are short of selfdisciplines may forget their main task of study. To conclude, we still need take effective measures to make progress in student use of puters.二．對(duì)比選擇型基本