【正文】 中北大學(xué)信息商務(wù)學(xué)院 2020 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 說明 書 I 基于單片機(jī)的二氧化碳紅外檢測(cè)儀設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們生活水平普遍提高，瓜果、蔬菜及花卉的社會(huì)需求數(shù)量和品質(zhì)要求也不斷提高，特別是大中城市需要周年供應(yīng)新鮮蔬菜，因此農(nóng)業(yè)溫室得到迅速發(fā)展。二氧化碳?xì)怏w對(duì)農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)起著非常重要的作用。近些年來，我國(guó)北方農(nóng)村形成了以日光溫室為主導(dǎo)的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化，因此，為二氧化碳的增施創(chuàng)造了有利的條件。由于不同作物所需的二氧化碳濃度不同，在二氧化碳的增施中又難于控制對(duì)其量的排放，所以研制二氧化碳濃度檢測(cè)器并用于日光溫室的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，對(duì)提高農(nóng)業(yè)科技含量，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)增收，農(nóng)民增 收具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。 本論文主要針對(duì)溫室內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度、溫度以及濕度，設(shè)計(jì)了日光溫室檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。綜合考慮系統(tǒng)的精度、穩(wěn)定性以及經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求這三個(gè)方面之后，確定以 AT89S52 單片機(jī)為控制核心，選用性價(jià)比比較高的傳感器，來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)二氧化碳濃度、溫濕度的準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)。針對(duì)不同的參數(shù)，可以通過鍵盤人為設(shè)定作物所期望的上、下限值。當(dāng)單片機(jī)檢測(cè)到二氧化碳濃度、溫濕度有任何一個(gè)參數(shù)越限時(shí)，則啟動(dòng)聲光報(bào)警，這時(shí)檢測(cè)人員通過主機(jī)打開相應(yīng)的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。檢測(cè)器可以通過 RS232 實(shí)現(xiàn)和溫室主機(jī)的串行通訊。 本系統(tǒng)具有易于操作、運(yùn)行可 靠、便于擴(kuò)充等特點(diǎn)。該系統(tǒng)考慮到溫室環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性增加傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)多目標(biāo)因子的檢測(cè)。系統(tǒng)體積小，操作非常簡(jiǎn)單，靈活性強(qiáng)，針對(duì)不同環(huán)境、不同作物的不同要求，可以隨時(shí)隨地修改極限報(bào)警值，人機(jī)界面友好。該系統(tǒng)具有功能強(qiáng)成本低的特點(diǎn)，適合在各種溫室或塑料大棚進(jìn)行環(huán)境因子檢測(cè)。 關(guān)鍵詞：日光溫室，二氧化碳濃度，溫濕度，單片機(jī)，測(cè)控 中北大學(xué)信息商務(wù)學(xué)院 2020 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 說明 書 II Design of carbon dioxide infrared detector based on MCU Abstract As our country realizes the paratively welloff level basically, people39。s living standards generally improve, especially the Large and medium cities need to supply the fresh vegetables in anniversary, This needs to develop production of the greenhouse Carbon dioxide on crop growth and plays a very important role. In recent years, the rural north China have formed a greenhouseled industrialization of agriculture, therefore, applied for the increase of carbon dioxide created favorable conditions. Because different crops need different carbon dioxide concentrations, the growth in carbon dioxide it difficult to control its facilities in the amount of emissions, so carbon dioxide detector developed and used in greenhouse agriculture production, raise agricultural science and technology to promote agricultural ine and farmers increase of farreaching significance. This thesis presents the measuring and controlling system about temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide39。s density in the greenhouse, posed of host PC and secondary MCU. Considering the accuracy and economical, this thesis design AT89S52 as the core control apparatus, and choose the sensors with high ration between performance and cost. it achieved accurate measurement and accuracy control. When the parameter has exceeded the limit, including temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide39。s density, the singlechip microputers activate the audible and visual alarm. At the same time, the singlechip microputers control the solid state relay to actuate mechanism for pensation .For different parameters, we can use keyboard to set the anticipant range of the crop. The secondary puter municate with the host puter through RS232. This system is easy to operate, reliable, easy to expand and so on. The system taking into account the increased plexity of the greenhouse environment to 中北大學(xué)信息商務(wù)學(xué)院 2020 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 說明 書 III achieve multipoint multisensor target of cytokines. System is small, the operation is very simple and flexible for different environments, different requirements of different crops can be modified at any time limit alarm value, friendly interface. The system has powerful function and low cost, suitable for greenhouse or plastic tunnel testing of environmental factors. Key wards: greenhouse。 temperature。 humidity。 carbon dioxide。 singlechip microputer中北大學(xué)信息商務(wù)學(xué)院 2020 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 說明 書 IV 目錄 1 緒論 .................................................................. 1 研究目的和意義 ...................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ...................................................... 1 國(guó)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ...................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ...................................................... 2 課題的主要內(nèi)容及研究意義 ............................................ 3 2 系統(tǒng)總體方案的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................... 4 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................ 4 詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................ 5 3 硬件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................. 6 微控制器概述和選用 .................................................. 6 AT89S52 單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn) .............................................. 6 AT89S52 單片機(jī)的主要特性 .......................................... 7 二氧化碳數(shù)據(jù)的采集與處理 ............................................ 7 二氧化碳傳感器的選擇 .............................................. 7 紅外二氧化碳傳感器的工作原理 ...................................... 8 ADC0832 的主要特點(diǎn)及管腳 ......................................... 10 ADC0832 與單片機(jī)的接口電路： ..................................... 12 串行通信接口設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 15 中北大學(xué)信息商務(wù)學(xué)院 2020 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 說明 書 V RS232 簡(jiǎn)介 ....................................................... 15 芯片接口電路 ..................................................... 16 電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................... 17 總線技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................. 17 24LC256 芯片與單片機(jī)的接口電路 ................................... 19 報(bào)警電路 ........................................................... 20 蜂鳴器簡(jiǎn)介 ....................................................... 20 報(bào)警電路 ......................................................... 21 4 系統(tǒng)的軟件結(jié)構(gòu)和程序框圖 ............................................. 22 主程序模塊 ......................................................... 22 系統(tǒng)各程序模塊 ..................................................... 24 數(shù)據(jù)采集子程序模塊 ............................................... 24 顯示子程序模塊 ................................................... 25 總線的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................... 26 數(shù)據(jù)處理子程序模塊 ............................................... 27 5 電路 設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 設(shè)計(jì)各元件封裝圖 ....................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 設(shè)計(jì)原理圖 ..........................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 設(shè)計(jì) PCB 圖 ..........................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 7 程序清單 ..............................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 8 結(jié)論 ........