【正文】 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 [論 文 ] 題 目： 基于單片機的超聲波測距儀設(shè)計與制作 學 院： 電氣與信息工程學院 專 業(yè)： 電子信息工程 姓 名： 學 號： 指導老師： 郭蓓蕾 完成時間： 2020年 5 月 31日 河南城建學院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 摘要 I 摘 要 隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們對距離或長度測量的要求越來越高。 在社會生活 中應用 超聲波測距技術(shù)已 很廣泛 ，如汽車倒車雷達、測距儀和物位測量儀等都可以通過超聲波來實現(xiàn)。由于超聲波指向性強，能量消耗緩慢，在介質(zhì)中傳播的距離較遠，因而超聲波 測距技術(shù)的研究和開發(fā)具有實際意義。 本文介紹了一種利用超聲波測距的系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)是一種基于 AT89C52 單片機的超聲波測距系統(tǒng)，它根據(jù)超聲波在空氣中傳播的反射原理，以超聲波傳感器為 檢測 部件，應用單片機技術(shù)和超聲波在空氣中的時間差來測量距離。該系統(tǒng)主要由主控制器模塊、超聲波發(fā)射模塊、超聲波接收模塊和顯示模塊等四個模塊構(gòu)成。通過單片機的 I/O 口控制超聲波發(fā)射電路發(fā)出 40KHz 的超聲波，反射波經(jīng)由超聲波檢測接收電路、放大電路送入單片機 外部中斷 端，通過計算超聲波的發(fā)射和返回的時間，確定超聲波發(fā)生器和反射物體之間的距離，完成測距。 整個硬件電路由超聲波發(fā)射電路、超聲波接收電路、電源電路、顯示電路等模塊組成。各 探頭的信號經(jīng)單片機綜合分析處理，實現(xiàn) 超聲波測距儀 的各種功能。在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的總體方案，最后通過硬件和軟件實現(xiàn)了各個功能模塊。相關(guān)部分附有硬件電路圖、程序流程圖，給出了系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成、電路原理及程序設(shè)計。此系統(tǒng)具有易控制、工作可靠、測距準確度高、可讀性強和流程清晰等優(yōu)點。實現(xiàn)后的作品可用于需要測量距離參數(shù)的各種應用場合。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： AT89C52，超聲波， LED 數(shù)碼管，測距 河南城建學院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） Abstract II Abstract With the development of society, the demand on the measurement of distance or length is increasing. It is applied widely by ultrasonic to measure distance, such as cars reversing radar， range finder and level measurement and so on. Because of the strong point of ultrasonic, low energy consumption, long distance transporting in media, thus it is practical and significant to measure distance by ultrasonic. In this paper, it introduces a system to measure distance by ultrasonic, which is based on the theory is based on the principles of reflection of ultrasonic spreading in the air. The system uses ultrasonic sensors as a detector, and applies MCU and the time difference of ultrasonic spreading in the air to measure the distance. The system consists of the main controller module, ultrasonic transmitter module, ultrasonic receiver module and display module. The MCU I / O port controls ultrasonic transmitter to send 40 KHz ultrasonic, and the reflecting signal is received by the ultrasonic receiver circuit, and it is amplified, and finally, it starts the interrupter of the MCU calculates the time of launch and return of ultrasonic to get the distance between the ultrasonic generator and the reflective objects. The entire hardware circuit is posed by ultrasonic transmitter circuit, ultrasonic receiver circuit, the power circuit, display circuit, and other modules. The probe signals are integrated analysised by SCMC to achieve the various functions of ultrasonic distance measurement instrument. Based on this has designed system39。s overall concept, final adoption of hardware and software to achieve the various functional modules. The relevant parts have the hardware schematics and process flow chart. It has given the system constitution, the circuitry and the programming. The instrument system has features: ease of control, stability of operation, highness of precision and distinctness of programmed process, etc. After the realization of the works can be used for needs of the various parameters measured distance applications. Keywords: AT89C52, Ultrasonic wave, LED digital tube, Measure distance 河南城建學院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 目錄 III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ........................................................................................................................1 課題研究的背景 ......................................................................................................1 課題研究的意義 ......................................................................................................1 論文框架 ..................................................................................................................2 第 2 章 基于單片機的 超聲波測距原理 ............................................................................3 超聲波簡介 ..............................................................................................................3 超聲波測距原理 ......................................................................................................3 第 3 章 課題設(shè)計方案制定 ................................................................................................5 設(shè)計思路 ..................................................................................................................5 系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 ..................................................................................................6 第 4 章 硬件電路的主要元器件介紹 ................................................................................7 單片機 AT89C52 .....................................................................................................7 超聲波傳感器 ..........................................................................................................9 第 5 章 超聲波測距硬件電路設(shè)計 ..................................................................................10 超聲波發(fā)射電路 ....................................................................................................10 超聲波接收電路 .................................................................................................... 11 四位 LED 數(shù)碼管顯示電路 ..................................................................................12 USB 供電電源電路 ...............................................................................................12 單片機復位電路 ....................................................................................................13 第 6 章 軟件控制程序的設(shè)計與概述 ..............................................................................14 主程序流程 .............................................................................................