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科技英語翻譯課件(已修改)

2025-08-17 10:10 本頁面
 

【正文】 English Translation for Science and TechnologyIntroduction to TranslationCriteria of Translation n 玄奘:既須求真,又須喻俗n 嚴復(18531921):Triple Principle of Translationn 信(faithfulness):忠實準確n 達(expressiveness):通順流暢n 雅(elegance):文字古雅n 魯迅n 信 (Faithfulness)n 順 (Smoothness)n 林語堂n 忠實(faithfulness)n 通順(smoothness)n 美 (beautifulness)n 傅雷n 神似 (Resemblance in spirit ):n 以效果而論,文學翻譯應當像臨畫一樣,所求的不在形似而在神似。n 錢鐘書n 化境(reaching the acme of perfection):n 文學翻譯的最高境界是“化”,把作品從一國文字轉變成另一國文字,既能不因語文習慣的差異而露出生硬牽強的痕跡,又能完全保存原有的風味。n 劉重德n 信、達、切 (faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness):n 信于內(nèi)容 (to be faithful to the content of the original)。n 達如其分 (to be as expressive as the original)。n 切合風格 (to be as close to the original style as possible).英語科技文獻的翻譯標準n 科技翻譯可以理解為一種科學的“語碼轉換”,科學性是第一位,科技譯文的正確性是最重要的。n 忠實 忠于原意,傳達信息準確;n 通順 文從字順,譯文風格貼近原文風格。忠實n In puting work done, it is important always to keep in mind that the force and distance that are multiplied must be in the same direction.n 相乘的力和距離的方向必須相同,在所作的計算工作中,記住這一點往往是重要的。n [改]在計算所做的功時,用以相乘的力和距離必須沿同一方向,始終記住這一點是很重要的。n The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in chemical solutions.n 離子的運動也就是原子得到或失去電子時的運動,在大多數(shù)情況下,化學溶液中發(fā)生這種現(xiàn)象。n [改]離子的運動,也就是已經(jīng)得到或失去電子的原子的運動,這種運動大多發(fā)生在化學溶液中。n Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.n 每一物體如不受外力作用,將繼續(xù)保持其靜止狀態(tài)或做均勻的直線運動。n [改]物體如不受外力作用,將繼續(xù)保持其靜止狀態(tài)或做勻速直線運動。通順n Matter is anything having weight and occupying space.n 物質(zhì)是有重量和占據(jù)空間的任何東西。n [改]凡是物質(zhì),都具有重量和占有空間。n What is large and what is small is relative.n 什么是大的和什么是小的是相對的。n [改]大和小是相對的。n The report noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and gallbladder.n 報告指出,過胖與疾病及諸如高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病和膽囊疾病引起的死亡有關。n [改]報告指出,肥胖容易引起疾病,容易導致由高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病和膽囊疾病等引起的死亡。Three Qualifications for the Translation of ESTn Good Command of Englishn Good Command of Chinesen Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology英語科技文獻的翻譯過程n 理解階段n 結合上下文,推敲詞義n 辨明語法,弄清關系n 理解原文所涉及的事物n 表達階段n 直譯n 意譯結合上下文,推敲詞義n Various speeds may be obtained by the use of large and small pulleys.n [誤] 利用大小滑輪可以獲得不同的速度。n [正] 利用大小皮帶輪可以獲得不同的速度。n The rate of dissociation was followed by placing the unit on a scale and noting the weight loss due to chlorine evolution.n [誤] 離解速度可由在標尺上的刻度得出,并注意由于氯的放出而引起的重量損失。n [正]離解速度是通過下列方法求得的:將該設備放置在天平上,并記錄由于氯的放出而引起的重量損失。辨明語法,弄清關系n As friction manifests itself as a resistance that opposes motion, it is usually considered as a nuisance.n [誤] 摩擦是運動的阻力,因此阻力常被人看成討厭的東西。n [正]摩擦是運動的阻力,因此常被人看成討厭的東西。n Intense light and heat in the open contrasted with the coolness of shaded avenues and the interiors of buildings.n [誤] 強烈的光線和露天場所的炎熱,同林蔭道上的涼爽和建筑物內(nèi)部形成了對比。n [正]露天場所的強烈光線和酷熱,同林蔭道上和建筑物內(nèi)部的涼爽形成了對比。理解原文所涉及的事物n Do you know that the bee navigates by polarized light and the fly controls its flight by its back wings?n [誤] 你知道蜜蜂借助極光飛行,而蒼蠅用后翅控制飛行嗎?n [正] 你知道蜜蜂借助偏振光飛行,而蒼蠅用后翅控制飛行嗎?n In modern operations tin is generally deposited on the steel plate by electrolytic action.n [誤] 在現(xiàn)代工藝中,一般是用電解法將錫鍍在鋼片上。n [正] 在現(xiàn)代工藝中,一般是用電鍍法將錫鍍在鋼片上。直譯 (Literal Translation)n 直譯:把忠實于原文的內(nèi)容放在第一位,把忠實于原文的形式放在第二位,把通順的譯文形式放在第三位。n 如果譯文和原文相同的形式能表達和原文相同的內(nèi)容,可以直譯。n Translate literally wherever possible.意譯(Free / Liberal Translation)n 意譯:把忠實于原文的內(nèi)容放在第一位,把通順的譯文形式放在第二位,不拘泥于原文的形式。n 如果譯文和原文相同的形式不能表達和原文相同的內(nèi)容,一般意譯。n Translate liberally if necessary.英語科技文獻的語言特點n “科技文獻”是一個集體名詞,泛指科技論文、研究報告、技術標準、科技廣告、科技產(chǎn)品指南、科技圖書、科技教材、科普讀物、科技新聞等多種類型和文體。n 科技語言是反映客觀現(xiàn)實世界的工具,為了能客觀準確地描述客觀世界的實情,科技語言盡可能在語言使用上規(guī)范地道,在語言形式上簡明準確,在語義理解上直接明了,盡可能不出現(xiàn)語言變異現(xiàn)象??萍嘉墨I追求的是形式與邏輯的結合。n “It appears that you’ve got the offer of a very good job.”n “A wonderful job.”n “Are you going to take it?”n “I don’t think so.”n “Why not?”n “I don’t want to.”n 161。176。聽說有個很好的工作要你去干。161。177。n 161。176。挺好的工作。161。177。n 161。176。打算干嗎?161。177。n 161。176。不。161。177。n 161。176。為什么不干?161。177。n 161。176。不想干。161。177。n 這是小說中的一段對話,屬于口語文體。其特點是:用詞自由,句法結構簡單,短句與省略句多,自然樸素,生活氣息濃厚。在譯文中進一步體現(xiàn)漢語口語的特點,省去主語“你”、“我”;將英語的一個句子 I don’t think 161。176。不161。177。,顯得簡潔有力。n She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.n 那婦人生著一副綿軟多肉的體格,一張?zhí)孤书_誠的面容,一種天真羞怯的神氣。一雙大落落的柔順的眼睛,里邊隱藏著無窮的心事,只有那些對于凄惶無告的窮苦人面目作過同情觀察的人才看得出來。n 這是文藝文體,其特點是:語言凝練,形象生動,修辭富于藝術色彩,大量使用形容詞。五十一個詞的片段,就運用了十個形容詞,占五分之一。161。176。and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress 161。177。是非常優(yōu)美生動的文學語言,譯文保持了這一風格。n MONTREAL Clark Johns acplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a fourpoint first period outburst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6 4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.n [蒙特利爾電]在全國手球聯(lián)賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒,引起轟動。上半場領先四分,首開記錄??死税l(fā)揮中堅作用,約翰遜市高帽隊終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊,創(chuàng)造了連勝八場未負一場的戰(zhàn)績。n 這是屬于應用文的新聞文體,其特點是簡明扼要,短小精悍,結構緊湊,筆鋒犀利。這則電訊只有一個句子,卻把一場球賽描繪得淋漓盡致,富于吸引力。n 日常英語n People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex. They mix it with acid, and dry it, and then they send it to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry grew, people needed more and more rubber. They started rubber plantations in countries with hot, wet weather conditions, but these still could not give enough raw rubber to meet the needs of growing industry. 科技英語 Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry developed, more and more rubber was
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